.336  Gleanings  from  the  Germcm  Journals.  { Am  jJu0iy%893arm' 
Codeine  does  not  unite  with  ethylene  chloride  but  unites  with 
ethylene  bromide  to  form  (C,8H21N03)2  C2H4Br2.  In  the  literature 
of  codeine  mention  is  made  of  two  chlorocodides  C18H2lJN02Cl  (CI 
replacing  OH),  these  have  been  proven  to  be  identical;  if  heated 
under  pressure  with  KOH  both  yield  apocodeine,  C18H19N02,  which 
is  a  resinous  mass.  Cold  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  forms  sulpho- 
codide,  C18H20NO2.HSO3  -f  5H20;  sulphuric  acid  with  an  equal 
volume  of  water  assisted  by  heat  converts  codeine  into  the  amor- 
phous codeine  of  Armstrong,  but  this  can  also  be  obtained  crystal- 
lized and  then  is  identical  with  the  pseudocodeine  of  E.  Merr.k; 
the  melting  point  of  anhydrous  pseudocodeine  is  1800  ;  the  hydro- 
chlorate  and  hydrobromate  contain  between  one  and  two  molecules 
of  water  of  crystallization,  the  sulphate  2H20,  the  aurochloride 
3H0O,  while  the  platinochloride  is  anhydrous. — Arch,  der  Pharm., 
1893,  235-290. 
Stachys  tuberifera. — The  tubes  are  used  as  a  food,  and  contain 
large  quantities  of  a  crystallizable  carbohydrate,  stachyose,  and 
small  quantities  of  glutamine  and  tyrosine.  Besides  these  substances 
two  nitrogenous  bases  have  been  discovered  in  the  precipitate  with 
auric  chloride,  the  light  colored  portion  being  converted  into  the 
platinochloride,  and  this  crystallized  from  water ;  two  salts  were 
present,  one  yellow,  granular  and  difficultly  soluble  in  water  in  small 
quantity,  the  other  large,  orange  red,  and  very  soluble  in  water ; 
the  latter  is  the  stachydrine  platinochloride,  which  for  further  puri- 
fication, was  converted  into  the  mercuric  chloride  double  salt,  and 
this  into  stachydrine  hydrochlorate,  IOO  kilos  of  the  fresh  tubers 
(containing  about  20  per  cent,  dry  substance)  gave  10-12  grams  of 
the  hydrochlorate.  The  alkaloid  crystallizes  from  water  (forming  a 
neutral  solution)  and  alcohol  in  colorless,  transparent,  deliquescent 
crystals;  dried  at  100°  it  melted  at  2100  C,  and  had  the  formula 
C7H13N02;  the  hydrochlorate  (dried  at  ioo°  C7H13N02HC1)  forms 
large  prisms,  very  soluble,  but  not  deliquescent,  in  water  and 
alcohol.  It  gives  towards  reagents  the  same  reactions  as  betaine,  but 
differs  from  it  in  the  fact  that  the  betaine  hydrochlorate  is  insoluble 
in  alcohol. — A.  v.  Planta  and  E.  Schulze,  Arch,  der  Pharm.,  1893,  3°5- 
