90 
Expansion  of  Urine. 
J  Am.  Jour.  Pharm' 
1       Feb.,  1884. 
Table  II. — Apparent  Specific  Gravity  of  Urine  observed  at  Temperatures 
from  10°  to  35° (7.,  Water  at  15° C.  =  1-0000. 
Temperature. 
Cent. 
Sample, 
No.  1. 
Sample, 
No.  2. 
Sample, 
No.  3. 
Sample, 
No.  4. 
Sample, 
No.  5. 
Sample, 
No.  6. 
10°  
1-0299 
1  -0280 
1-0267 
1-0231 
1-0235 
1*0212 
15°  
1-0290 
1-0271 
1-0256 
1-02215 
1  -0227 
1  -0203 
1-02175 
1-0260 
1-0245 
1-02115 
1-02185 
1-01935 
1-0205 
1-02485 
1-0233 
1  -0200 
1-02055 
1-01815 
1  -0189 
1-0234 
1  -0220 
1-0186 
1  -0192 
1-01675 
35°  
1-0170 
1  -0218 
1-0206 
1  -01715 
1-0177 
1-01525 
Tem- 
perature. 
Cent. 
Sample, 
No.  7. 
Sample, 
No.  8. 
■ 
Sample, 
No.  9. 
Total 
correction 
(average). 
Average 
correction 
for  1°C. 
Sp.  gr.  of 
solution  of 
common 
salt. 
Sp.  gr. 
(apparent) 
of  water. 
10°  
— -00092 
•ooooo 
+  '00101 
+  -00220 
+  '  00358 
+  -00514 
•000185 
1-0630 
1-0620 
1-06065 
1-0592 
1-0575 
1-0558 
1-00058 
1-00000 
•999,38 
•99837 
•99713 
•99566 
15°  
1-0205 
1-0195 
1-0184 
1-0171 
1-0156 
1-0212 
1-0207 
1  -0194 
1-0180 
1-0162 
1  -01255 
] -0116 
1-01065 
1-0094 
1-0080 
30°  
35°  
•000202 
•000220 
•000239 
•000257 
A  study  of  the  above  figures  will  show  that  Neubauer  and  Vogel 
have  given  too  large  a  correction,  while  Golding  Bird  has  given  one 
too  small.  As  might  be  expected,  different  specimens  of  urine  show 
different  expansion,  even  when  the  density  is  about  the  same,  and  the 
variation  is  curiously  capricious,  sometimes  being  greater  between  50° 
and  60°  than  between  60°  and  70°F.  On  the  whole,  however,  the 
expansion  becomes  more  rapid  as  the  temperature  rises,  so  that  a  larger 
arbitrary  correction  should  be  made  for  temperatures  above  77°F. 
than  for  those  below  that  figure. 
An  average  correction  sufficiently  exact  for  practical  purposes  would 
be  for  temperatures  below  75°F.  one  degree  of  the  scale  of  the  urino- 
meter  (=  -001)  for  8JF.,  or  nearly  5°C. ;  for  temperatures  above 
this,  one  degree  of  the  urinometer  for  7J°F.,  or  about  4°C. 
Thus,  if  the  temperature  is  70°F.,  and  the  reading  of  the  urino- 
meter 1-022,  the  correction  for  10°  will  be  10  -f-  8*5  =  '0012  nearly, 
and  the  corrected  specific  gravity  will  be  1*022  -(-  -0012  =  1*0232. 
