226         Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.  {^'a^iiIm™' 
does  it  form  with  the  metals?  Give  the  chemical  formulas  of  one  or  more 
such  compounds. 
4.  What  is  the  difference  between  a  Sulphide,  a  Sulphite  and  a  Sulphate. 
Give  the  chemical  formula  of  one  compound  of  each  of  these  classes.  What 
are  the  tests  by  which  we  distinguish  each  of  these  classes. 
5.  Write  the  reaction  for  the  manufacture  of  Nitric  Acid,  a,  as  carried 
out  commercially,  and  6,  as  made  on  a  smaller  scale.  Give  the  formulas  of 
three  Nitrates. 
PHARMACY— THEORETICAL  AND  PRACTICAL 
1.  What  is  the  specific  gravity  of  five  grammes  of  Hydrochloric  Acid? 
What  is  the  specific  gravity  of  a  pint  of  the  same  liquid?  What  is  the 
-weight  of  a  litre  of  Nitric  Acid? 
2.  Explain  the  effect  of  heat  upon  the  principles  obtained  from  organic 
substances  by  solution  as  in  tinctures,  infusions,  decoctions,  etc.  What 
relation  does  the  strength  of  an  extract  bear  to  the  drug  from  which  it  is 
made?  Explain  the  difference  between  an  inspissated  juice  and  an  alco- 
holic extract. 
3.  Why  was  "  Vinum  Album  Fortior  "  introduced  into  the  United  States 
Pharmacopoeia?   And  how  is  it  made? 
4.  How  many  systems  are  recognized  in  Crystallography?  How  may  the 
proper  degree  of  concentration  of  liquids  intended  for  crystallization  be 
judged?   What  is  Isomorphism? 
5. " How  is  Spirit  of  Ammonia  U.  S.  P.  1880  made?  How  is  its  strength 
indicated  in  the  officinal  definition? 
COMMITTEE. 
1.  Briefly  describe  and  illustrate  by  diagram  the  structure  of  a  woody 
'Dicotyledonous  stem. 
2.  What  are  Molecules?  How  do  Molecules  differ  from  Atoms?  What 
difference  exists  between  the  Molecular  condition  of  Liquids  and  Gases? 
What  effect  has  heat  upon  the  Molecules  of  matter. 
3.  Describe  a  Barometer,  and  state  its  principle  of  action.  How  do  the 
influences  which  cause  variations  in  a  barometer  affect  the  ordinary  boiling 
point  of  a  liquid? 
4.  In  what  form  is  Phosphorus  usually  found  in  commerce?  What  pre- 
caution is  necessary  for  its  preservation  ?  Describe  briefly  its  mode  of  manu- 
facture. Give  the  names  and  chemical  -formulae  of  the  several  varieties  of 
Phosphoric  Acid. 
^5.  Explain  the  uses  of  plain  and  plaited  Filters  respectively.  Describe  a 
method  of  hastening  the  process  of  filtration.  What  is  the  best  angle  for 
the  sides  of  a  funnel  to  make  with  each  other  for  ordinary  pharmaceutical 
uses  ? 
PRACTICAL  EXAMINATION. 
1.  Percolate  4  oz.  av.  of  Ground  Wild  Cherry  Bark  with  one  pint  of 
water. 
H  2.  Dissolve  one  ounce  of  commercial  chloride  of  ammonium  in  water, 
purifv  it,  retain  one-half  of  the  solution,  pouring  it  into  the  small  bottle; 
leave*the  funnel  containing  the  filter,  in  the  bottle  for  examination. 
^  3.  Granulate  the  remainder  of  the  solution  and  put  the  product  in  a  paste- 
board box. 
The  specimens  for  examination  and  recognition  were  as  follows  : 
Marrubium,  Tinct.  zingiberis,  Aqua  chlori, 
Chondrus,  Syrupus  tolutanus,  Pota«sii  chloras, 
Matricaria,  Ferri  sulphas  praecip,  Magnesii  sulphas, 
Unguentum  zinci.  oxidi. 
The  re-examination  of  those  students  who  failed  in  one  or  more  branches 
