Am.  Jour.  Pliarm. 
Oct.,  1884. 
Diseases  of  Animals. 
527 
RESEARCHES  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  ANIMALS. 
By  Pasteur  and  others. 
Pasteur's  results  may  be  summarized  as  follows :  It  is  proved  by 
inoculation  experiments  that  both  quiet  aud  raving  madness  originate 
from  the  same  poison.  The  symptoms  of  madness  are  extremely  vari- 
able, and  depend  apparently  on  the  part  of  the  nervous  system  attacked 
bv  the  poison.  The  infectious  matter  is  in  the  form  of  microbes  in  the 
saliva  of  mad  animals ;  inoculation  with  it  causes  death  in  three  ways, 
either  by  microbating  the  saliva,  or  by  the  excessive  production  of  pus, 
or  by  the  development  of  madness.  The  marrow,  brain,  and  spinal 
cord  are  always  virulent  in  all  animals  dying  of  madness,  the  virulence 
increasing  until  putrefaction  sets  in.  In  one  case  a  brain  was  sustained 
at  a  temperature  of  12°  for  three  weeks  by  this  action.  To  produce 
madness  quickly  and  surely,  after  trepanning,  inoculate  in  the  skin  on 
the  surface  of  the  brain  ;  the  disease  will  make  its  appearance  in  6,  8, 
or  10  days.  The  malady  produced  by  injection  into  the  blood  system 
exhibits  symptoms  which  differ  greatly  from  those  of  raving  madness 
caused  by  a  bite  or  by  inoculation  after  trepanning,  and  hence  many 
cases  of  the  quiet  form  may  escape  observation.  In  those  which  may 
be  termed  moderate,  pronounced  paralysis  ensues,  whilst  raving  and 
howling  are  not  observed.  When  the  poison  is  injected  into  the  blood, 
the  spinal  cord  seems  to  be  the  first  point  attacked.  Injection  of 
saliva  or  blood  from  a  mad  subject  into  the  veins  does  not  protect  a 
dog  from  a  subsequent  outbreak  of  madness,  or  from  death  after  a 
second  inoculation  of  mad  matter,  either  by  trepanning  or  injection  in  a 
vein.  Cases  of  spontaneous  recovery  have  been  observed  when  early 
symptoms  only  were  developed,  but  never  after  the  symptoms  became 
violent.  In  some  cases  after  they  had  disappeared  they  returned  after 
two  months,  whereupon  death  followed. 
As  a  great  many  sheep  are  lost  after  protective  inoculation  for  sheep- 
pock,  Peuch  has  investigated  the  subject,  and  from  the  results  of  his 
experiments  draws  the  conclusion  that  this  danger  may  be  greatly 
reduced  by  using  small  quantities  of  lymph  diluted  60  to  120  times. 
Thiernesse  and  Degive  have  made  experiments  on  protective  inocu- 
lation for  lung  epidemics.  Their  results  show  that  2  grams  of  lung 
epidemic  poison  may  be  injected  into  the  veins  without  danger,  pro- 
vided it  does  not  touch  the  cell-tissue.    Immunity  to  the  same  extent 
