148 
liebig's  extract  of  meat. 
formation  of  the  Company  with  which  he  has  become  associated, 
Baron  Liebig  acted  in  entire  accordance  with  them,  for  we  find 
that  under  date  6  Oct.,  1865,  he  thus  wrote  to  Mr.  Tooth  of 
Sydney,  who  had  shorMy  before  had  personal  communication  with 
him  in  Germany,  and  who  w  s  at  that  time  engaged  on  some 
experiments  on  extract  of  meat  in  London  : 
a  *  *  *  *  j\_how  me  to  tell  you  that  you  need  not  trouble 
yourself  with  finding  out  a  new  method,  or  a  simpler  one,  for 
the  preparation  of  the  Extract  of  Meat ;  all  this  has  been  done 
a  hundred  times.  There  is  only  one  method  for  manufacturing, 
— and  this  is  to  mix  the  chopped  flesh  with  its  volume  of  soft 
water  (without  gypsum),  and  to  raise  the  temperature  of  that 
mixture  to  180°  F.  To  extract  the  essence  with  cold  water  is 
not  applicable  to  manufacturing. 
The  South  American  Extract  does  not  contain  gelatine  (or 
glue);  it  is  precipitated  by  tannic  acid,  but  this  precipitate  is 
not  due  to  gelatine." 
With  regard  to  the  special  directions  for  Exjractum  Carnis, 
contained  in  the  Bavarian  Pharmacopoeia  (1856),  which  Baron 
Liebig  says  are  not  his,  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  that. the  words 
that  we  have  put  in  Italics  in  the  second  pharagraph  of  the 
foregoing  translation,  were  written  with  a  consciousness  that  the 
directions  in  question  were  so  far  defective  or  different  as  not  to 
yield  "  this  extract,"  of  which  he  is  there  writing.  But  be  that  as 
it  may,  it  must  at  least  be  presumed  that  they  had  the  sanction  of 
his  coadjutor  Dr.  Pettenkofer,  who  was  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee responsible  for  the  processes  prescribed  in  that  work. 
Whatever  Baron  Leibig  may  mean  by  "  Special  directions" 
it  is  plain  that  all  needful  directions  have  long  ago  been  fully  made 
public.  Special  directions  will  be  modified  by  special  circum- 
stances, such  (among  others)  as  the  quantity  of  material  to  be 
operated  upon,  the  nature  of  the  apparatus  employed,  the  climate 
of  the  country  where  the  process  is  carried  on,  and  other  matters 
not  involving  any  general  principle ;— and  all  extract  of  meat, 
fairly  and  intelligently  manufactured  according  to  Liebig's  pro- 
cess is  ceteris  paribus  identical,  and  may  therefore,  in  our 
opinion,  be  properly  designated  Liebig  s  Extract  of  Meat. 
Baron  Liebig's  present  attempt  to  sell  an  exclusive  right  to 
