166  -Bark  of  Pinus  Echinata.  {K*i^Jm™' 
entirely  soluble  in  ether,  chloroform  and  acetone.  Its  alcoholic 
solution  gave  a  precipitate  with  alcoholic  lead  acetate,  but  alcoholic 
ferric  chloride  did  not  affect  it.  An  alcoholic  solution  of  potassium 
hydrate  did  not  saponify  it.  The  behavior  of  this  substance  indi- 
cated it  to  be  a  resin  or  resinous  matter. 
The  part  insoluble  in  alcohol  was  collected  on  a  filter,  and  air-dried. 
It  comprised  0-57  per  cent,  of  the  bark. 
It  was  entirely  soluble  in  ether,  chloroform,  acetone  and  carbon 
sulphide.  Its  melting-point  was  taken  and  found  to  be  5 8°.  It 
was  slightly  saponified  by  aqueous  potassium  hydrate,  but  alcoholic 
-potassium  hydrate  saponified  it  entirely.  The  fatty  acids  were 
separated  from  the  saponified  matter  collected,  and  their  melting- 
point  taken.  It  was  found  to  be  92°.  The  behavior  of  this  saponi- 
fied substance  indicated  it  to  be  a  wax.  The  odor  observed  in 
analyzing  the  petroleum  ether  extract  was  due  to  a  trace  of  volatile 
oil. 
Ether  Extract. — This  extract  was  of  a  very  dark  brown  (almost 
black)  color,  solid  at  the  room  temperature  but  liquid  at  the  tem- 
perature of  water-bath,  and  comprised  3*09  per  cent,  of  the  bark. 
It  was  first  treated  with  hot  water.  The  solids  of  this  aqueous 
solution  comprised  0-84  per  cent,  of  the  bark.  It  was  examined 
qualitatively  with  the  following  results :  Ferric  chloride,  green  color 
and  precipitate  ;  lead  acetate,  flesh  color  precipitate;  bromine  water, 
yellow  precipitate.    These  tests  indicated  tannin. 
It  also  showed  traces  of  reducing  and  invertible  sugar.  A  portion 
of  this  aqueous  solution  was  shaken  out  with  ether  in  a  separatdry 
funnel.  The  ethereal  layer  was  evaporated  and  the  residue  dissolved 
in  water.  Neither  ferric  chloride  nor  lead  acetate  gave  any  reaction 
with  this  solution  indicating  the  absence  of  protocatechuic  acid. 
The  part  of  this  extract  which  was  insoluble  in  water  was  entirely 
soluble  in  chloroform  and  acetone,  but  only  partially  soluble  in 
ether.  The  part  which  was  insoluble  in  ether  was  soluble  in  potas- 
sium hydrate,  but  was  not  precipitated  upon  the  addition  of  acetic 
acid,  showing  absence  of  phlobaphenes.  It  was  probably  some 
altered  resinous  matter. 
The  extract  was  then  treated  with  hot  alcohol  which  dissolved 
all  but  a  trace  of  altered  phlobaphene.  Upon  cooling  this  filtrate, 
some  of  the  dissolved  portion  was  redeposited.  This  deposited 
material  was  treated  with  potassium  hydrate  which  almost  entirely 
