Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  \ 
April,  1899.  J 
Bark  of  Pinus  Echinata. 
169 
The  alcoholic  filtrate  was  evaporated  almost  to  dryness  and  again 
treated  with  alcohol.  The  resulting  precipitate  was  collected,  dried 
and  weighed.  Tested  for  nitrogen,  but  found  none,  which  indicated 
it  to  be  dextrine.    It  comprised  0-52  per  cent,  of  the  bark. 
Another  aliquot  part  of  this  aqueous  extract  was  precipitated 
with  basic  lead  acetate,  filtered  and  the  filtrate  precipitated  with 
hydrogen  sulphide,  again  filtered  and  hydrogen  sulphide  removed 
by  evaporation.  The  resulting  liquid  was  then  tested  for  reducing 
and  invertible  sugar ;  it  showed  only  a  trace  of  reducing  sugar. 
Alkaline  Water  Extract. — Weak  NaOH  solution  extracted  5-73 
per  cent,  of  organic  solids  from  the  bark. 
An  aliquot  portion  of  this  alkaline  water  extract  was  acidified 
with  acetic  acid  precipitated  with  alcohol.  The  precipitate  was 
washed,  collected  and  dried  to  constant  weight.  Lassaigne's  test 
for  nitrogen  was  applied  but  no  nitrogen  was  found,  proving  it  to  be 
a  mucilaginous  or  gummy  substance.  It  comprised  2-20  per 
cent,  of  the  bark. 
Acidulated  Water  Extract. — Weak  HQ  solution  extracted  3  5 1 
per  cent,  of  organic  solids  from  the  bark. 
An  aliquot  portion  of  this  extract  was  made  alkaline  and  precipi- 
tated with  alcohol.  The  precipitate  was  washed,  collected  and  dried 
to  constant  weight.  Did  not  find  any  nitrogen,  proving  it  to  be 
pararabin.    It  comprised  070  per  cent,  of  the  bark. 
The  bark  having  now  been  subjected  to  all  the  solvents,  a  portion 
of  it  was  washed  with  water  and  tested  for  starch,  which  was  found 
absent, 
Lignin. — The  exhausted  bark  was  now  treated  with  chlorine  gas 
which  destroyed  372  per  cent,  of  its  air-dried  weight.  The  lignin 
destroyed  by  potassium  chlorate  and  nitric  acid  amounted  to  52-17 
per  cent,  of  the  original  air-dried  bark. 
Cellulose. — This  was  determined  by  igniting  the  residue  remain- 
ing after  the  destruction  of  the  lignin,  and  subtracting  the  ash  from 
this  residue.    It  amounted  to  6-14  per  cent,  of  the  bark. 
Volatile  Oil. — 125  grammes  of  the  bark  were  distilled  in  a  current 
of  steam,  to  examine  the  bark  for  volatile  oil  observed  in  the  petro- 
leum ether  extract.  The  amount  of  volatile  oil,  however,  was  so 
minute  that  it  did  not  separate  at  any  time  from  the  aqueous  distil, 
late.    The  distillate  had  an  aromatic,  rosin-like  odor. 
Tannin. — For  the  purpose  of  estimating  the  tanning  value  of  the 
