304 
Obituary. 
Am.  .Tour.  Pbarm. 
June,  18S9. 
career  Professor  Friedel  held  successively  the  positions  of  conservator  of  the 
collections  of  mineralogy  at  the  Paris  School  of  Mines,  lecturer  at  the  Ecole 
Normale,  and  professor  of  mineralogy  at  the  Faculty  of  Sciences.  Since  1884 
he  had  been  lecturer  on  organic  chemistry  at  the  Sorbonne,  in  Paris,  and  dur- 
ing the  past  two  years  Director  of  the  classes  for  the  practical  teaching  of  chem- 
istry as  applied  to  industry,  which  was  inaugurated  by  him.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Paris  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  it  was  at  the  meetings  of  this  institution 
that  he  made  public  his  researches  on  acetone,  the  aldehydes,  lactic  anhydrides, 
etc.    He  is  said  to  have  been  incomparable  as  a  teacher. 
Arthur  Stephen  Hii,l.— By  the  death  of  Mr.  Hill,  on  March  30th,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  97,  the  Pharmaceutical  Society  has  lost  a  member  who  was 
among  the  number  of  its  earliest  supporters  when  a  member  of  the  old  firm 
of  Arthur  Hill  &  Son.  Mr.  Hill  occupied  a  prominent  position  in  the  whole- 
sale drug  trade,  and  was  a  member  of  the  original  Drug  Club  sixty  years  ago. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  very  largely  through  the  influence  of  Mr.  Hill  and 
his  son,  Mr.  Arthur  Bowdler  Hill,  of  the  firm  of  Davy,  Hill  &  Son,  Yates  & 
Hicks,  the  Salters'  Company  founded  a.  number  of  scholarships  in  connection 
with  medical  science  and  pharmacy.  One  of  these  was  attached  to  the  school 
of  the  Pharmaceutical  Society,  and  is  a  permanent  illustration  of  the  interest 
taken  by  the  late  Mr.  Hill  in  the  pronation  of  the  Society's  objects. — Pharma- 
ceutical Journal. 
Mangalore  PEPPER. — The  black  pepper  of  Mangalore,  one  of  the  provinces 
of  Hindoostan,  is  distinguished  according  to  T.  F.  Hanausek  (Zeitsch.  Unter. 
such.  Nahr.  u.  Gemiss.,  1898,  1,  153)  from  the  ordinary  commercial  black  pepper 
by  its  size  and  beauty.  The  Mangalore  pepper  fruit  is  either  round  or  some- 
what egg-shaped,  and  of  a  very  deep  black  color.  They  have  a  diameter  of  about 
7  mm.,  and  100  fruits  weigh  8*6  grammes,  whereas,  the  common  black  pepper 
weighs  6"?  grammes.  The  ash  amounts  to  3*4  per  cent.  Externally  the  Man- 
galore pepper  is  uneven  and  wrinkled.  The  inner  anatomj7  of  the  Mangalore 
and  black  pepper  resemble  each  other  very  closely.  The  former,  however,  is 
characterized  by  the  parenchyma  of  the  pericarp,  consisting  of  large,  strongly 
ligaified  and  uniformly  thickened  walls  upon  all  sides.  In  size  they  are  87*5- 
120  mikrous  x  45-50  mikrons.  The  stone  cells  occur  either  singly  or  more 
generally  in  groups  from  2  to  6  cells.  Underneath  the  schleridien  layer  occurs 
in  the  Mangalore  pepper,  as  pointed  out  first  by  Tschirch  in  the  common  black 
p'epper,  a  layer  of  strongly  thickened  cells,  which  swell  very  much  upon  heat- 
ing with  KOH  solution.  The  cells  containing  the  pigment  are  very  perceptibly 
radially  elongated  upon  treatment  with  KOH. 
Separation  OF  Geranioi,  and  CiTronelloi,.— J.  Flatan  and  H.  Labbe  de- 
scribe (Compt.  rend.,  1898,  No.  24)  how  they  have  prepared  a  certain  quantity 
of  ether  from  the  two  alcohols.  The  product  obtained  is  washed  very  carefully 
with  carbonate  of  soda,  and  then  fractionated  in  vacuo.  After  several  distilla- 
tions the  ethers  are  precipitated  from  the  alcohols  in  excess;  by  titration  98  per 
cent,  of  pure  ether  is  found.  Both  these  ethers  possess  a  very  agreeable  odor. 
—Chem.  News,  1898,  184. 
