f 
ni^Sm'}  Editorial.  399 
hydrolysis  was  a  principle  soluble  in  alcohol  and  containing  iron. 
This  the  author  calls  "  Eiseu  emodin." 
Of  these  four  products,  he  finds  only  chrysophanic  acid  and  emo- 
din cathartic. 
Fermentation  causes  a  change  of  the  scarcely  bitter,  water-soluble 
primary  glucoside  into  the  very  bitter,  water-insoluble  secondary. 
As  the  primary  water-soluble  compound  has  less  objectionable  taste 
than  the  secondary,  is  present  in  larger  amounts,  and  is  almost  as 
potent,  the  author  recommends  aqueous  preparations  of  frangula. 
He  finds  a  glycerite,  made  by  dissolving  aqueous  extract  in  glycerin, 
particularly  effective. 
From  rhubarb  he  isolated,  by  similar  treatment,  two  glucosides, 
one  soluble  in  water  and  the  other  insoluble,  similar  to  those  from 
frangula.  The  relative  quantity  of  the  two  products  depends  on 
the  quality  of  the  drug,  the  finest  Shensi  yielding  40  per  cent,  of 
the  primary  and  5  per  cent,  of  the  secondary  glucoside,  while 
Rheum  rhaponticum  yields  25  per  cent,  of  primary  and  37  per 
cent,  secondary.  Likewise  from  senna,  he  isolated  similar  primary 
and  secondary  glucosides.  These  bodies,  however,  differ  from  the 
rhubarb  and  frangula  glucosides  by  hydrolyzing  only  to  emodin 
and  frangula  rhamnetin,  or  a  close  ally.  H.  V.  A. 
EDITORIAL. 
PHARMACEUTICAL  EDUCATION. 
It  must  be  apparent  to  every  one  that  the  matter  of  education  is,  like  that  of 
success,  dependent  very  much  upon  the  individual.  Good  men  graduate  from 
poor  colleges  and  poor  men  graduate  from  good  colleges.  As  to  what  con- 
stitutes a  true  or  proper  education  there  are  great  differences  of  opinion. 
Very  recently,  at  the  commencement  exercises  at  Cornell  University,  Governor 
Roosevelt  said  that  collegiate  training  offers  innumerable  advantages  to  any 
one  and  said  that  college-bred  men  are  the  leaders.  He  did  not  say  what  kind 
of  a  college  education  made  it  possible  that  "our  country  could  better  afford 
to  lose  all  of  the  men  who  have  amassed  millions  than  to  lose  one-half  of  its 
college-bred  men."  Nevertheless,  it  must  be  apparent  that  the  colleges  in  this 
country  that  are  not  giving  an  adequate  education  for  the  general  average  training 
to  their  students  are  the  exception.  President  Low,  of  Columbia  University,  in  an 
address  of  welcome  some  time  ago  to  the  associates  of  colleges  and  preparatory 
schools  of  the  Middle  States,  referred  to  the  success  of  the  navy  in  the  late 
war  as  a  proof  of  the  value  of  educational  training.  The  work  of  the  navy, 
he  said,  was  exceedingly  effective,  and  that  work  was  the  result  of  schools 
where  officers  and  men  had  been  carefully  trained  in  the  special  branches  of 
their  duty.  If  education  can  fit  men  to  fight  so  successfully,  he  argued,  it  can 
fit  men  for  any  other  purpose  in  life.    Surely  educational  methods  must  be 
