viii 
Notes  and  Neivs. 
f  A  in.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\    February,  1899. 
pigs.  A  study  of  the  thermal  death  points  of  the  resistant  bacteria  showed 
that  seventeen  of  the  nineteen  forms  were  not  killed  by  a  temperature  of  8o°  C. 
for  twenty  minutes  ;  six  remained  alive  after  heating  the  same  time  at  9o°C, 
and  one  at  960  C,  but  all  were  killed  by  boiling  twenty  minutes.  The  effect  oi 
sudden  cooling  after  pasteurization  upon  six  of  the  resistant  varieties  was 
studied  in  a  series  of  tests  on  bouillon  cultures  of  these  bacteria.  In  each 
case  one  culture  was  cooled  suddenly  to  8°  C.  and  another  allowed  to  cool 
gradually  to  the  temperature  of  the  room,  the  time  required  for  development 
being  noted  in  each  case. 
' '  In  this  work  ten  cultures  of  the  suddenly  cooled  exceeded  the  time  ot 
development  of  the  noncooled;  twelve  cultures  of  the  noncooled  or  cooled  gradu- 
ally exceeded  the  time  of  development  of  the  cooled  ;  six  cultures  of  the  sud- 
denly cooled  developed  in  the  same  time  as  the  noncooled.  Sudden  cooling 
seems  to  have  no  effect  on  the  time  of  development." 
The  restraining  influence  of  keeping  at  a  low  temperature  on  development 
was  shown  in  trials  with  the  same  six  species.  Six  miscellaneous  micro-organisms 
were  treated  in  the  same  way  but  not  subjected  to  pasteurization.  Here  it  was 
noticed  that  the  time  of  development  was  retarded  several  days  by  placing 
them  in  the  refrigerator.  The  effect  of  continued  heat  in  restraining  develop- 
ment was  illustrated  in  trials  with  the  six  same  cultures.  When  the  six  cultures 
were  pasteurized  and  then  kept  in  a  refrigerator  very  few  of  the  germs  devel- 
oped in  forty-five  days. 
In  conclusion,  remarks  are  made  on  the  value  of  pasteurization,  especially  in 
preventing  contagious  diseases  and  intestinal  disorders  of  young  children. 
Imbedded  Tissues  without  use  of  Ai,cohoi,.— A.  Dollken  {Zeilsch.  Nuki.y 
l897»  P-  32  \Jour.  Roy.  Micros.  Soc,  1897,  p.  448)  proposes  the  following  method: 
Where  animal  or  vegetable  tissues  contain  substances  soluble  in  alcohol  or 
ether  and  thin  sections  are  needed,  they  may  be  fixed  in  chrome-  osmium  acetic 
acid  and  in  picric  acid  solution,  after  which  they  may  be  imbedded  in  gum  and 
exposed  for  twenty-four  hours  to  the  action  of  aceton  vapor  at  ordinary 
temperature.  Thinner  sections  than  those  obtainable  by  this  method  may  be 
obtained  according  to  the  following  method  :  Small  pieces  of  tissue  fixed  in  10 
to  20  per  cent,  formalin  are  placed  in  a  capsule  to  which  some  resorcin  and 
glycerin  are  added.  The  mass  stiffens  in  a  short  time  and  is  capable  of  being 
sectioned  in  a  few  hours.  It  may  be  fixed  to  the  block  of  the  microtome  with 
water  glass  or  syndetikon,  and  should  be  sectioned  at  once,  as  it  soon  becomes 
very  hard. 
The  author  also  obtained  good  results  by  imbedding  in  soap  made  as  follows  : 
Castor  oil  or  stearic  acid,  with  20  to  30  per  cent,  of  caustic  soda,  is  boiled  for 
awhile,  and,  after  cooling  the  alkali,  removed  by  pressure,  dilution,  or  by  fre- 
quently dissolving  the  soap.  A  piece  of  tissue  about  1  c.c.  high  is  transferred 
from  the  formalin  to  a  3  to  5  per  cent,  solution  of  soap  made  with  distilled 
water,  and  allowed  to  remain  in  it  36  to  72  hours  in  a  covered  vessel.  Solidifi- 
cation is  brought  about  by  evaporation  or  by  means  of  powdered  Glauber  salts. 
The  block  is  then  fixed  to  the  microtome  with  water  glass  and  the  sections  are 
cut  dry.  They  roll  somewhat,  but  may  be  straightened  in  water.  The  soap 
must  be  washed  out  before  staining.  The  addition  of  5  c.c.  of  glycerin  and  of 
alcohol  to  each  55  c.c.  of  the  soap  solution  greatly  aids  in  orientation. 
