152 
Cranberry  Juice. 
( Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
1      March,  1891. 
was  left  to  ferment ;  after  14  days,  there  was  no  sign  of  fermenta- 
tion. With  cranberry  juice  ( I  part)  and  must  (2  parts),  fermentation 
began  in  9  days,  and  in  14  days  3-88  per  cent,  of  alcohol  was  formed. 
Low  (y.  pr.  Chem.  [2],  [9,  312)  showed  that  cranberries  contain 
benzoic  acid,  and  pointed  out  that  this  might  be  the  reason  that 
they  do  not  decay  for  so  long,  and  the  author's  experiments  confirm 
this  view.  Neither  oxalic,  succinic,  tartaric,  nor  salicylic  acid  is 
present. 
The  sp.  gr.  of  cranberry  juice  from  Bozen  and  from  Hall  varied 
between  1-0521  and  10661. 
The  following  numbers  show  the  amounts  of  different  constituents 
in  grams  per  litre  of  juice  of  cranberries,  examined  in  1888,  from 
(A)  Bozen,  and  (B)  Hall: 
Invert- 
sugar. 
Total 
acid  as 
malic 
acid. 
Benzoic 
acid. 
Tannic 
acid. 
Nitrogen. 
Ash. 
A.  Fresh  berries — 
(a),  26th  Sept.,    .  .  . 
92*00 
19-11 
2-24 
o- 12 
2-98 
{b),  6th  Oct.,  .... 
79*20 
.18-04 
0-862 
o-ii 
Soft  berries — 
(c),  13th  Nov.,     .  .  . 
ii8*oo 
19-92 
35.  (d),  healthy,  fresh,  and 
hard,  14th  Nov.,  .  .  . 
90*20 
18-84 
0-638 
o-ioi 
(<?),  soft  and  dried  up, 
11670 
20-55 
Juice  from  (d),  examined  later  (21st  March,  1889)  contained 
invert-sugar  73-80,  total  acid  22-33,  volatile  acid  (as  acetic  acid) 
3-25,  alcohol  1-04,  and  ash  3  64  grams  per  litre.  Juice  from  (<?)  con- 
tained, on  ioth  December,  1889,  invert-sugar  41-10,  acid  34-18* 
benzoic  acid  0-759,  volatile  acid  15-20,  and  alcohol  3  42  grams  per 
litre.  The  ash  of  (a)  contained  phosphoric  acid  3-11,  and  potash 
47-64  per  cent. 
Malic  and  citric  acid  may  be  present  in  considerable  quantities. 
Claassen  found  that  the  bitter  substance  present  in  cowberry  leaves 
was  identical  with  arbutin  (Amer.  Jour.  Phar.,  1885,  321) ;  in  a  sub- 
sequent examination  of  American  cranberries,  he  could  not  detect 
arbutin,  but  found  a  substance  (oxycocein)  which  gave  similar 
reactions  to  arbutin  (Amer.  Jour.  Phar,  1886,  p.  321-325). 
