242  Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations ,4Am,Mayj^9Lrm* 
a  piece  of  aluminium  weighs  256  Gm.  and  has  the  specific  gravity  of  2*56  and 
loses  82  Gm.  when  immersed  in  a  liquid,  what  is  the  specific  gravity  of  the 
liquid  ? 
(2)  Describe  the  principle  of  the  use  of  Steam  for  heating  in  pharmaceutical 
operations.  What  is  the  difference  between  heating  by  steam  with  pressure 
and  heating  by  steam  without  pressure  ?  Describe  the  apparatus  used  in  both 
methods  ? 
(3)  Define  boiling  point  as  applied  to  liquids.  Upon  what  does  the  rapidity 
of  evaporating  boiling  liquids  depend?  Upon  what  does  the  rapidity  of 
evaporating  liquids  belozv  the  boiling  point  depend  ?    Illustrate  by  a  sketch. 
(4)  Define  Distillation  ;  Liebig's  Condenser  ;  Desiccation  ;  Comminution  ; 
Filtration. 
(5)  Describe  the  differences  in  the  appearance  of  crystallized,  colloidal  and 
scaled  Salts.  Give  au  unabbreviated  officinal  name  for  each  kind  of  Salt  and 
give  a  general  method  for  preparing  Scaled  Salts. 
(6)  Name  and  describe  three  officinal  substances  obtained  from  the  followT- 
ing  metals  :'  Manganese,  Chromium  and  Silver,  the  properties  of  each  sub- 
stance being  caustic  and  destructive  to  organic  matter.  Give  the  precautions 
necessary  in  compounding  pills  made  from  either  of  the  Salts  and  state  the 
best  excipient  for  each. 
CHEMISTRY. 
(1)  What  is  meant  by  Latent  Heat?  In  what  changes  of  condition  is  heat 
rendered  latent  ?  Give  some  examples  of  this,  and  state  any  application  of 
these  facts  in  practical  use. 
(2)  What  is  the  composition  of  White  Uight?  How  could  you  show  this 
statement  to  be  correct  ?  What  is  a  spectroscope,  and  for  what  purposes  is  it 
used  by  the  Chemist  ? 
(3)  Define  Equivalence  as  applied  to  Chemical  Elements.  How  are  Binary 
Molecules  named  ?  Give  examples.  Write  the  formulas  of  three  officinal  sub- 
stances that  are  binary  compounds. 
(4)  Write  two  chemical  reactions  for  the  production  of  chlorine.  Describe 
some  experiments  illustrating  the  affinity  of  chlorine  for  hydrogen.  How. 
may  hydrochloric  acid  be  decomposed  into  its  elements  ?  Write  the  formulas 
of  three  metallic  chlorides. 
(5)  Describe  the  natural  varieties  of  the  element  carbon.  Describe  the  more 
important  artificial  varieties.  How  is  Carbo  Ligni  made,  and  what  are  its  uses  ? 
How  is  Carbo  Anhnalis  made,  and  what  are  its  uses  ? 
(6)  Complete  the  following  reactions  and  state  in  what  connection  they  are 
used  : 
Mn02  4-  4  HC1  == 
2  NH4C1  +  CaO  = 
NaN03  +  H2S04  = 
Ca3  (P04)2  +  2H2S04  = 
QUESTIONS  BY  EXAMINING  COMMITTEE. 
(1)  Name  five  officinal  drugs  for  which  strong  alcohol  would  be  the  best 
menstruum.  Name  five  for  which  diluted  alcohol  would  be  preferred.  State 
reasons  for  determining  why  alcohol  or  diluted  alcohol  should  be  used. 
(2)  What  is  the  chemical  formula  of  Hydrobromic  Acid  ?    Give  the  name 
