Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Aug.,  1891. 
The  Manihots. 
391 
cc.  and  25  cc,  respectively,  the  chloroformic  solutions  united  and 
evaporated  to  dryness  on  a  water-bath.  The  same  residue  remained 
as  found  in  the  two  previous  methods.  The  amount  obtained 
from  100  cc.  of  fluid  extract  was  10  m.  g.  or  -oi  per  cent. 
The  drug  upon  which  I  worked  was  furnished  by  Messrs.  Gilpin, 
Langdon  &  Co.,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  to  whom  my  thanks  are  due 
for  the  favor. 
REFERENCES. 
Fduckiger  &  Hanbury,  1874  :  Pharmacographia,  p.  491. 
United  States  Dispensatory,  Sixteenth  edition. 
National  Dispensatory,  Fourth  edition,  p.  373. 
Dr.  Mathew  Hay,  1883  :  P.J.  Tr.,  13,  998. 
Warden  &  Waddedd,  1884-5  :  Phar.JourT~Tra.ns.,  15,  574. 
Sieboed  &  Bradbury,  1881-2  :  Phar.  Jour.  Trans.,  12,  326. 
T.  and  H.  Smith,  1846-7:  Pharm.  Jour.,  6,  171. 
Lawrence,  1890:  Pharm.  Jour.,  20,  893. 
Bombelon,  1884  :  Amer.  Drug.,  13-14,  132. 
G.  W.  Kennedy,  1886  :  Pharm.  Record,  6,  304. 
Dr.  Hermann  Hager,  1883 :  Commentar  zur  Pharmacopcea  Ger- 
manica,  1,  684. 
Merck,  1882-3  :  Pharm.  Jour.  Trans ,  13,  1052. 
Dr.  J.  Roux,  1887  :  Amer.  Jour.  Pharm.,  59,  342. 
Herr  Jahns,  1886-7  :  Phar.  Jour.  Trans.,  17,  1049. 
Schooi,  oe  Pharmacy  oe  the  University  oe  Michigan,  June,  1891. 
THE  MANIHOTS. 
By  Arthur  Edward  Hanson,  Ph.G. 
From  an  Inaugural  Essay  presented  to  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy. 
The  Mandioca  or  Cassava  plant  appears  to  belong  to  Brazil ; 
according  to  tradition,  it  was  given  to  the  Indians  of  the  "  Tupi  " 
tribe  by  two  strangers,  one  of  whom  was  a  very  old  man,  with  a 
long  white  beard,  named  "  Tyome."  They  taught  the  use  of  the 
mandioca,  but  as  the  Indians  proved  ungrateful  and  treated  them 
roughly,  they  disappeared  as  mysteriously  as  they  had  come. 
Other  tribes  of  Indians  say  that  this  plant  was  of  divine  origin  and 
given  to  them  by  the  god  "  Tyome." 
The  first  notice  of  the  mandioca  to  Europeans  was  given  by 
Piso,  in  the  year  1648.  He  described  the  plant  and  its  culture  and 
stated  that  it  was  to  be  found  as  far  as  300  S.  L,  and  in  the  tropical 
zone.  By  this  it  may  be  seen  that  the  mandioca  grows  from  one 
extreme  to  the  other  of  Brazil.  Now  it  is  cultivated  from  Florida 
to  Tierra  del  Fuego,  in  several  parts  of  Asia  and  to  a  great  extent 
