Am'sS.?Sarm'}      Carpaine  — Magnolia  Graiidi flora.  437 
LITERATURE. 
Rusby,  Henry  H.,  1886,  Therap.  Gaz.,  1,  810. 
IvYONS,  A.  B.;  1886,  Am.  Jour.  Pharm.,  L  VIII.,  65. 
Deitz,  Georgb  A.,  1889,  Amer.  Jour.  Pharm.,  LXL,  405. 
Trimble,  Henry,  and  Schroeter, /.  M.,  1889,  Amer.  Jour.  Ph.,  LXI, 
407. 
My  thanks  are  due  to  Messrs.  Parke,  Davis  &  Co.,  of  Detroit,  who 
sent  me  a  liberal  supply  of  material. 
School  of  Pharmacy  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  June, 
1 891. 
CARPAINE  IN  NORTH  AMERICAN  PAPAYA  LEAVES. 
By  J.  B.  Nagelvoort. 
It  is  well  known  that  plants  grown  under  different  conditions  may 
differ  very  essentially  in  some  of  their  constituents  ;  thus  Cinchona 
Calisaya  grown  in  hothouses  is  said  not  to  produce  alkaloids,  and  I 
think  it  was  Leunis  who  made  the  statement  that  Conium  macu- 
latum,  grown  in  Scotland,  is  free  from  conii'ne.  It  seemed  to  me 
worthy  of  a  trial  to  submit  Carica  Papaya,  grown  in  Detroit, 
United  States,  to  an  analysis,  since  Dr.  Greshoff  discovered  that  the 
young  leaves  grown  in  Java,  contained  an  alkaloid,  which  he  called 
carpaine.  I  refer  to  the  original  contributions  from  the  chemical 
laboratory  of  the  Botanical  Garden  at  Java.1  Mr.  Geo.  S.  Davis, 
very  liberally  allowed  me  to  cut  down,  for  this  purpose,  the  young 
leaves  of  ten  nice  healthy  papaya  trees,  raised  in  his  greenhouse, 
but  at  the  time  of  this  investigation,  transplanted  out-doors ;  these 
leaves  were  found  to  contain  about  0-25  per  cent,  carpaine,  calcu- 
lated on  the  dry  material. 
Detroit,  July,  1891. 
MAGNOLIA  GRANDIFLORA. 
By  B.  Alfred  Randolph,  Ph.G. 
From  a  Thesis  presented  to  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy. 
In  going  down  Buffalo  Bayou  from  Houston,  Texas,  to  Galveston 
Bay,  a  distance  of  about  fifty  miles,  a  person  cannot  realize  a  more 
beautiful  scenery  than  is  presented  here  by  nature,  with  the  banks  of 
this  rivulet  filled  with  magnolia  trees,  their  height  ranging  from  the 
magnificent  altitude  of  forty  to  seventy-five  feet  ;    their  leaves  of 
1  See  Am.  Jour.  Pharm.,  May,  1891,  p.  230. 
