Am'oc™miavm'}  Flowers  and  Perfumes  in  the  Riviera.  481 
The  pomades  resulting  from  both  these  processes,  are  used  for  the 
production  of  the  so-called  "  extracts,"  which  are  obtained  by 
means  of  spirit  of  wine ;  and  from  the  various  -mixtures  and  com- 
pounds of  these  extracts  result  the  different  sorts  of  perfumes. 
Certain  perfumes  are  only  extractable  from  various  fruits,  flowers 
and  roots  by  fermentation  by  means  of  alcohol ;  for  instance,  ben- 
zoin, tonka,  iris,  etc. 
The  largest  perfume  manufactories  are  found  in  Grasse,  Nice  and 
Monaco.  The  total  production  of  flowers  and  blossoms  for  the 
District  of  the  Sea- Alps  is  calculated  to  be  for  : 
Orange-blossoms,  .    1,860,000  kg.       Tuberoses,   74,000  kg. 
Roses,  1,000,000  kg,       Jonquil,   50,000  kg. 
Violets,                        157,000  kg.       Cassie,   30,000  kg. 
Jasmin,                        147,000  kg.  Mignonette,   ....  20,000  kg. 
At  Grasse,  poor  olive^  crops  and  the  subsequent  improvement  of 
the  irrigation  facilities  have  led  to  the  extension  of  flower  culture 
and  essence  manufacture.  Plantations  of  jasmin,  tuberoses  and 
roses  have  in  many  cases  taken  the  place  of  the  olive  groves,  so 
that,  with  the  exception  of  orange-blossoms  and  cassie,  Grasse  and 
the  surrounding  districts  produce  as  high  as  four-fifths  of  the  above- 
named  quantities  of  flowers,  and  of  jonquil  and  mignonette  almost 
the  entire  quantity.  The  mountain  sides  north  of  Grasse  yield 
rosemary,  lavender,  thyme  and  spike  in  large  quantities. 
The  prices  of  the  different  flowers,  etc.,  varied  during  the  years 
1884-88,  as  follows: 
Orange  blossoms  (neroli),  from  0*30  Francs  to  0-50  Francs  for  1  kg. 
"  bitter, 
070  " 
i'6o 
1  kg. 
Roses,  " 
0*50  " 
o-8o 
1  kg. 
Jasmin,  " 
2-50  " 
275 
1  kg. 
Tuberoses,  " 
2 
4 
1  kg. 
Violets,  " 
2  " 
5'25 
1  kg. 
Cassie  {Acacia  Far n esian a),  " 
•7 
17 
1  kg. 
Geranium,  " 
5 
10 
"         100  kg. 
Orange  leaves,  sweet,  " 
3 
6- 
"         100  kg. 
L,emon  leaves,  bitter,  " 
12  " 
15 
"         100  kg. 
Cherry  laurel, 
8 
12 
"         100  kg. 
Thyme,  " 
8 
11 
"         100  kg. 
Lavender,  " 
7 
12 
100  kg. 
Mint, 
10       j  * « 
14 
100  kg. 
Rosemary,  " 
4 
5-5o 
"         100  kg. 
Spike,  " 
4 
5-5o 
"         100  kg. 
