Am.  Jour.  Pharm, 
Nov.,  1891. 
Composition  of  Tomatoes. 
549 
yellow  compound  is  very  soluble.  Hydrochloric  acid  has  no  action 
on  either  compound. 
The  sap  of  the  fruit  has  a  sp.  gr.  —  1-01833  at  150,  and  is  laevo- 
rotatory.  It  contains  a  yellow  coloring  matter,  which  differs  from 
that  of  the  pulp  in  being  soluble  in  water,  insoluble  in  alcohol, 
ether,  chloroform,  and  light  petroleum,  and  in  not  being  decolorized 
by  chlorine-water  or  bromine-water.  The  acidity  of  the  sap  is  due 
chiefly  to  citric  acid  ;  it  contains  also  a  small  amount  of  an  alkaloid, 
which,  like  the  acid,  decreases  as  the  fruit  ripens. 
The  following  table  shows  the  percentage  of  dry  matter  (i)  in 
the  skins,  (2)  in  the  pulp,  (3)  in  the  sap,  and  (4)  in  the  seeds,  as  well 
as  the  percentage  composition  of  the  dry  matter  in  each  case. 
Skins, 
Pulp,  , 
Sap, 
Seeds, 
Dry 
matter. 
40-50 
6-35 
2-44 
537o 
Organic 
matter. 
Ash. 
99.20 
89-56 
74-52 
95-56 
o-8o 
10-44 
25'48 
4-40 
Porte'ids. 
i-85 
I5-I5 
2T-80 
25-40 
Carbohydrates, 
and  fat. 
97-05 
74-4I 
52-72 
70-16 
The  carbohydrates  of  the  skins  are  chiefly  in  the  form  of  cellulose, 
The  numbers  in  the  last  column  for  sap  refer  to  carbohydrates  and 
acids. 
The  following  analyses  are  given  of  the  entire  fruit  collected  (1) 
in  September,  1888,  and  (2)  August,  1889  ;  (1)  was  unripe,  and  (2) 
ripe.  The  percentage  of  dry  matter  was  93-50  and  9101,  respec- 
tively.   The  numbers  show  the  percentage  in  the  fruit  dried  at  105  °. 
Glucose. 
2-68 
41-54 
Citric 
acid. 
Fat  and 
Proteids.    coloring  matter.  Cellulose.  Ash. 
48-53*     11-25          n-73               7-83  8-05 
9.07       11-48           7-02             18*14  12-73 
*  Citric  acid  and  substances  not  determined. 
The  ash  of  the  fruit  has  the  following  percentage  composition  : 
K20.  NaoO.  CaO.  MgO.  Pe203.  P2O5.  SO3.  SiO«.  CI. 
59-46  5-99  i*34  3-09  0-22  12-93  3-49  0-27  19-14 
Having  regard  to  the  largeamount  of  potash  in  the  fruit,  and  the 
large  amount  of  lime  in  the  stems  and  leaves  (the  crude  ash  of  the 
stems  contains  28-32  per  cent,  of  lime)  the  following  manuring  is 
recommended  for  tomatoes:  Farmyard  manure,  5,000  kilos.,  cal- 
cium superphosphate  (18  per  cent.),  30  kilos.;  potassium  chloride 
(50  per  cent.),  60  kilos,  per  hectare. 
