io6 
Scopola  Carniolica. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
I       Feb  ,  1890. 
Within  the  bark  there  is  a  faint,  thin  line,  the  cambium 
layer,  externally  surrounding  the  vascular  bundles,  which  are 
themselves  imbedded  in  the  cellular  or  fundamental  tissue, 
and  in  somewhat  definite  lines.  The  cells  of  the  bark  within 
that  dark  line  are  of  a  faintly-brown  color,  and  the  same 
remark  applies  to  the  cells  composing  the  fundamental 
tissue,  but  there  is  an  entire  absence  of  schlerenchymatous 
cells. 
All  the  parenchymatous  cells  of  the  bark  and  from  the  bark 
inward  are  more  or  less  filled  with  starch  grains,  but  these 
were  removed  to  make  the  structure  more  visible.  Most  of 
them  in  situ  are  compound  grains,  being  composed  of  two  or 
rnore  adhering  together.    The  typical  form  is  the  muller- 
SECTION  OF 
SCOPOLA 
RHIZOME. 
shaped  grain.  When  the  combination  is  a  doublet  they 
adhere  by  their  truncated  bases,  and  when  a  triplet  they  are 
muller-shaped  with  dihedral  bases.  A  dark  spot  will  be  seen 
here  and  there  in  the  fundamental  tissue.  These  are  cells  of 
raphides  cut  in  a  transverse  direction.  Examining  these 
raphides  by  a  micro-chemical  process,  the  application  of 
acetic  acid  slowly  permeating  the  tissues  under  the  slide, 
there  was  no  effervescence,  and  it  was  concluded  that  the 
raphides  are  not  composed  of  a  carbonate ;  most  probably 
they  are  oxalates.  Longitudinal  sections  of  each  were  made, 
but  they  exhibited  nothing  special  beyond  the  cells  above 
referred  to,  in  their  length  showing  a  long  cell  or  sac  filled 
with  raphides. 
