302  Bases  from  Solatium  Tuberosum.  {Am'juTe?i?9oarm' 
are  made  of  carbon.  With  a  current  of  1-73  amperes  0-93  gram  of 
chlorine  per  hour  was  produced,  so  that  if  a  dynamo  were  employed 
it  should  give  64  5  grams  of  chlorine  and  259-8  grams  of  Na2C03  -f 
10  H20  per  horse-power-hour. 
BASES  CONTAINED  IN  THE  YOUNG  SHOOTS  OF 
SOLANUM  TUBEROSUM.1 
By  R.  Firbas. 
The  two  products,  the  one  crystalline  and  the  other  amorphous' 
obtained  in  the  preparation  of  solanine  from  the  young  shoots  o 
the  potato,  are  now  shown  contrary  to  earlier  views,  not  to  be  chemi- 
cally identical.  The  author  names  the  crystalline  compound  solanine- 
It  has  the  formula  C52H93N018,  4^H20,  and  when  dried  at  IC0° 
appears  to  be  anhydrous,  or  to  contain  only  half  a  molecule  of  water 
of  crystallization.  From  a  solution  in  85  per  cent,  alcohol,  it  crys- 
tallizes in  colorless  needles,  which  melt  at  2440,  are  almost  insoluble 
in  ether  and  alcohol,  and  are  readily  dissolved  by  dilute  hydrochloric 
acid.  Solamdine  hydrochloride,  3(C40H61NO2,HCl)  HC1  -f-  H20  or 
1  i^H20,  is  obtained  by  boiling  solanine  with  a  2  per  cent,  solution 
of  hydrochloric  acid.  It  is  a  slightly  yellow  powder  which  is  only 
very  sparingly  soluble  in  water,  and  carbonizes  without  melting 
when  heated  to  2870.  Simultaneously  with  solanidine  hydrochloride 
a  sugar  is  formed  in  accordance  with  the  equation  C5.,H93N018  = 
CJ0H6INO:  +  2C,H150C  +  4Hp. 
The  amorphous  substance  obtained  simultaneously  with  solanine. 
and  which  the  author  names  solaneine,  has,  when  dried  at  100°,  the 
formula  C53Hs_N013,  or  C2H83N013.  The  loss  of  weight  on  heating 
the  air-dried  compound  at  roo°  corresponds  with  the  formula 
C52H83N013  -f  3^  or  4H.70.  It  is  a  yellow,  horny,  perfectly  amor- 
phous substance,  melting  at  208°,  is  more  soluble  in  an  85  per  cent, 
solution  of  alcohol  than  is  solanine,  and  on  treatment  with  hydro- 
chloric acid  yields  solanidine  and  a  sugar  in  accordance  with  the 
equation  C52H83N013  +  H20  =  C40H61NO2  +  2C6H1206. 
The  sugar  obtained  by  the  hydrolysis  of  solanine  and  solaneine 
forms  a  yellow,  amorphous  mass  with  a  caramel-like  odor,  dissolves 
readily  in  water  and.  wood-spirit,  and  has  a  specific  rotatory  power  of 
[a]D  =  -(-  28-623.    With  phenylhydrazine  hydrochloride  and  sodium 
1  Monatshefte,  X,  541-560.    Reprinted  from  Jour.  Chem.  Soc,  1890,  p.  75. 
