Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Sept.,  1890. 
Liquid  Kino. 
469 
of  an  orange-brown  or  reddish-brown  color,  and  of  the  consistency 
of  a  thin  extract,  or  even  as  thick  as  treacle.  This  is  doubtless  the 
substance  which  was  sent  from  New  South  Wales  to  the  Paris  Exhi- 
bition of  1867,  labelled  "  apple-tree  juice,"  with  the  statement  that 
it  is  used  as  a  varnish ;  but  this  is  not  correct,  as  the  liquid  is  aque- 
ous. It  is  used  by  fishermen  for  tanning  their  nets.  Mr.  Kirton 
informed  Baron  von  Mueller  that  a  single  tree  will  yield  as  much 
as  2  gallons  of  liquid,  which  is  generally  called  "  liquid  kino." 
This  is  a  modest  computation,  for  the  tree  which  yielded  the  Bang- 
ley  Creek  sample  {infra)  yielded  from  8  to  10  gallons.  The  quan- 
tity is,  in  any  case,  by  no  means  small,  and  is  dependent  on  a  vari- 
ety of  circumstances. 
Two  samples  of  this  "  liquid  kino  "  having  recently  been  for- 
warded to  the  Technological  Museum,  the  author  has  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  examining  it. 
(1)  From  Bangley  Creek,  Cambewarra,  N.S.W.,  of  a  clear  reddish- 
brown  color,  and  in  order  to  give  precision  to  the  tint,  it  is  very 
like  raw  linseed  oil,  Strassburg  turpentine,  or  dark  balsam  of 
copaiba,  but  redder  than  any  of  them.  It  has  a  specific  gravity  of 
1-008  at  6o°  F.,  and  an  acidulous  smell  (owing  to  the  presence  of 
acetic  acid),  accompanied  by  an  odor  not  so  pleasant  and  remind- 
ing one  somewhat  of  spent  tan  liquors.  It  deposits  a  quantity  of 
sediment  of  a  buff  color,  consisting  almost  entirely  of  catechin.  It 
contains  tannic  acid  -772  per  cent.,  "  non-tannin  "  -508  per  cent. 
(Lovventhal's.  process).  The  water  amounts  to  no  less  than  98-3 
per  cent.    The  catechin  was  not  estimated  in  this  sample. 
(2)  This  was  obtained  from  Cambewarra,  but  from  a  different 
locality.  It  is  darker  in  color  than  the  preceding  sample, 
being  of  a  richer  ruby  color.  Like  No.  1,  it  deposits  a  small 
quantity  of  sediment  (cateehin).  This  liquid  kino  had  a  specific 
gravity  of  1-022  at  60  0  F.,  when  received  in  April,  1888. 
The  following  results  were  obtained  in  December  to  January, 
1889: — Tannic  acid  3-048  per  cent,  (of  the  liquid  kino,  without 
evaporating),  «  non-tannin  "  1-27  per  cent,  (a  portion  of  liquid  kino, 
kept  in  agitation  so  as  to  obtain  a  fair  proportion  of  sediments,  was 
added  to  water  to  make  up  the  strength  of  one  grain  of  liquid  kino 
to  the  litre),  water  967  per  cent,  (after  filtration  from  deposited 
•  catechin).  The  catechin  and  a  little  phlobaphene  filtered  off,  were 
found  to  be  in  the  proportion  of  -495  per  cent,  of  the  original  liquid 
