502 
Xanthoxylon  Senegalense. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Oct.,  1890. 
in  methyl  alcohol  and  in  acetone,  readily  in  warm  chloroform  and 
in  amyl  alcohol,  moderately  in  warm  alcohol,  less  so  in  warm  water 
(0-514  per  cent,  at  140  C),  but  is  altogether  insoluble  in  ether  and 
in  benzin.  The  presence  of  free  acid  considerably  diminishes  the 
solubility  of  the  hydrochloride,  and  of  all  the  other  artarine  salts. 
Solutions  of  the  hydrochloride  in  water  or  alcohol  are  inactive  to 
light.  There  are  probably  three  hydrates  of  this  compound,  con- 
taining 2,  3,  and  4  mols.  H20  respectively;  the  last  of  these  is 
obtained  by  cooling  an  aqueous  solution  saturated  in  the  cold  ;  it 
melts  at  1940.  The  platinochloride  crystallizes  in  slender  pale  yel- 
low needles  which  do  not  melt  at  2900,  and  are  insoluble  in  water 
and  alcohol.  The  hydriodide  is  obtained  by  the  action  of  potassium 
iodide  on  the  hydrochloride ;  it  crystallizes  in  very  slender,  inter- 
laced, yellow  needles  which  dissolve  freely  in  warm  water  and 
alcohol. 
Another  iodine- derivative,  C21H23N04HI3,  is  obtained  by  treating 
the  cold  alcoholic  solution  of  artarine  with  a  solution  of  iodine  in 
potassium  iodide ;  it  forms  aggregates  of  greenish-brown,  micro- 
scopic needles  which  are  insoluble  in  water,  and  only  dissolve  with 
difficulty  in  boiling  absolute  alcohol.  The  sulphate  is  a  white  pow- 
der consisting  of  microscopic  needles ;  it  darkens  on  heating  to  60- 
700,  and  melts  at  2400.  The  nitrate,  obtained  by  adding  potassium 
nitrate  to  an  aqueous  solution  of  the  hydrochloride,  is  a  thick,  gela- 
tinous, yellow  mass  containing  a  few  microscopic  crystals.  It  crys- 
tallizes from  alcohol  in  thin  plates,  a  little  longer  and  thinner  than 
those  of  uric  acid,  and  melts  at  21 2°.  The  phosphate  and  arsenate 
crystallize  in  dirty  yellow  aggregates  of  microscopic  prisms,  which  are 
only  very  sparingly  soluble  in  water ;  the  chromate  forms  very  long 
reddish-yellow  needles  grouped  in  tufts ;  the  hydrobromide,  molyb- 
date,  benzoate,  and  salicylate  are  yellow,  semi-crystalline  powders  ; 
the  oxalate  and  tartrate  occur  in  hemispherical  aggregates  of 
needles ;  the  picrate  forms  dendritic  groups  of  very  bright  yel- 
low needles. 
The  analyses  of  the  compounds  of  artarine  agree  equally  well 
with  the  formulae  C21Hi3N04  and  C20H17NO4  (berberine) ;  other 
points  of  resemblance  and  distinction  between  artarine  and  berber- 
ine are  as  follows  : — 
Artarine  forms  yellow  salts,  the  solubility  of  which  is  diminished 
by  the  presence  of  acids ;  it  also  forms  a  periodide,  and  generally 
