AmAP°rnr;nS,3arm'}       $ome  Notes  on  Essential  Oils.  161 
cloves  is  usually  ascribed.  This  latter  point  has  not  been  generally 
accepted  however. 
The  uses  lor  oil  of  cloves  outside  of  medicine  are  varied.  Chief 
among  them  probably  is  the  use  of  eugenol  as  a  base  for  other  com- 
pounds, vanillin,  (or  instance;  and  the  use  of  different  fractions  of  the 
oil  in  perfumes,  or  as  additions  to  other  odoriferous  compounds. 
It  is  well  known  that  the  German  Pharmacopoeia,  under  oil  of 
cloves,  designates  the  oxygenated  portion  of  oil  of  cloves  or  eugenol. 
This  has  at  least  the  one  advantage  of  restricting  the  physical  con- 
stants of  specific  gravity,  as  well  as  the  boiling-point  within  certain 
well-defined  limits,  the  former  being  given  as  from  1-072  to  1*074, 
while  the  latter  is  Irom  251  to  253. 
In  this  connection  it  would  appear  that  the  simplest  solution  of 
the  oil  of-cloves  problem,  so  far  as  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia 
is  concerned,  would  be  to  restrict  the  title  to  the  oxygenated  portion, 
or  eugenol,  giving  appropriate  tests  for  detecting  admixtures. 
Oil  of  Eucalyptus. — According  to  Schimmel  &  Co.  the  Algerian 
distillers  have  the  upper  hand  in  the  distillation  of  the  globulous 
species;  they  supply  a  faultless  quality  at  such  a  low  price  that  the 
Australian  manufacturers  have  been  compelled  to  withdraw  their 
competition.  The  Australian  oils  of  Eucalyptus  are  said  to  contain 
appreciable  quantities  of  phellandrene. 
Eucalyptol  or  cineol,  which  was  introduced  into  the  1890  edition 
of  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia,  fully  maintains  its  popularity 
as  an  addition  to  the  materia  medica.  The  medicinal  virtues  of 
eucalyptol  are  gradually  becoming  better  known  in  Europe,  particu- 
larly as  an  addition  to  antiseptic  washes  or  sprays. 
With  improved  methods  of  separating  eucalyptol  from  the  different 
available  oils,  it  will  no  doubt  be  found  that  any  discrepancy  in  price 
will  gradually  disappear.  Gildemeister  and  Hoffmann  recount  no 
less  than  twenty-three  Eucalyptus  species  giving  an  oil  containing 
cineol  or  eucalyptol  in  appreciable  quantities. 
The  oil  from  Eucalyptus  odorata  is  said  to  be  particularly  rich  in 
cineol. 
The  separation  of  eucalyptol  or  cineol  is  described  in  a  recent 
number  of  the  Pharmaceutische  Centralhalle \  1903,  page  10.  It  may 
be  separated  from  the  accompanying  compounds  by  agitating  the 
oil  with  strong  phosphoric  acid.  A  crystalline  combination  of  the 
cineol  separates  out;  from  this  combination  the  cineol  may  be  lib- 
