i8o  Carnegie  Institution  of  Washington.     { AmAP°r"f;  Sarm* 
The  only  organization  outside  of  Washington  to  be  provided  for 
at  present  should  be  such  advisers  and  advisory  committees  as  may 
from  time  to  time  be  found  necessary  in  connection  with  the  develop- 
ment of  the  research  work  of  the  Institution.  It  is  the  opinion  of 
the  committee  that  such  persons  and  committees  should  be  largely 
advisory  and  not  executive  in  their  function.  Executive  work 
should  be  in  charge  of  paid  employees  of  the  Institution.  These 
may  be  officers,  research  associates  and  special  employees. 
Policy. — Soon  after  the  Executive  Committee  began  its  investiga- 
tions it  became  evident  that  two  lines  of  policy  were  open,  namely : 
(a)  To  sustain  broad  researches  and  extended  explorations  that 
will  greatly  add  to  knowledge. 
(b)  To  make  small  grants. 
Research  may  be  defined  as  original  investigation  in  any  field, 
whether  in  science,  literature  or  art.  Its  limits  coincide  with  the 
limits  of  the  knowable.  In  the  field  of  research  the  function  of  the 
Institution  should  be  organization,  the  substitution  of  organized  for 
unorganized  effort  wherever  such  combination  of  effort  promises  the 
best  results ;  and  the  prevention,  as  far  as  possible,  of  needless 
duplication  of  work.  Hitherto,  with  few  exceptions,  research  has 
been  a  matter  of  individual  enterprise,  each  worker  taking  up  the 
special  problem  which  chance  or  taste  led  him  to  and  treating  it  in 
his  own  way.  No  investigator,  working  single-handed,  can  at 
present  approach  the  largest  problems  in  the  broadest  way  thor- 
oughly and  systematically. 
With  an  income  large  enough  to  enter  upon  some  large  projects 
and  a  number  of  minor  ones,  it  appears  to  be  wiser,  at  the  begin- 
ning, to  make  a  number  of  small  grants  and  to  thoroughly  prepare 
to  take  up  some  of  the  larger  projects.  With  this  in  view  the 
Executive  Committee  recommended  to  the  Trustees  that  there  be 
placed  at  its  disposal  for  the  fiscal  year  1 902-03,  $200,000  for  aid 
to  special  researches  in  various  branches  of  science,  and  $40,000  for 
the  publication  of  the  results  achieved.  During  the  year  plans  will 
be  perfected,  data  secured  and  experience  gained  that  will  be  of 
great  service  in  formulating  recommendations  for  the  ensuing  year. 
In  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  the  most  effective  way  to  dis- 
cover and  develop  the  exceptional  man  is  to  put  promising  men 
upon  research  work  under  proper  guidance  and  supervision.  Those 
who  do  not  fulfil  their  promise  will  soon  drop  out,  and  by  the  su:- 
