Am.  Jour.  Pbarm. 
May,  1903. 
Pharmaceutical  Meeting. 
233 
or  hand-pressed  oils  of  the  citrus  group  would  be  better  than  the 
distilled  oils  unless  they  were  distilled  under  special  conditions.  He 
also  recalled  the  fact  that  in  1850  oil  of  neroli  sold  for  from  $3.50  to 
$5.00  per  ounce. 
Mr.  Wilbert  said  that  the  distilled  oils  were  manufactured  under 
improved  conditions,  which  prevented  the  breaking  up  of  the  valu- 
able constituents,  and  seemed  to  make  the  oil  of  greater  value  prac- 
tically. He  then  read  extracts  from  a  letter  from  Fritzsche  Bros., 
New  York  City,  relative  to  the  replacement  of  the  natural  by  the 
synthetic  oil  of  neroli. 
Mr.  Boring  referred  to  an  interesting  illustrated  paper  in  a  recent 
number  of  World 's  Work,  on  the  lemon  and  orange  industries  of 
California.  Mr.  Wilbert  said  that  the  soluble  lemon  and  orange  oils 
on  the  market  are  usually  lemon  grass  citral,  which  is  terpeneless, 
and  therefore  more  soluble,  and  in  this  connection  read  a  further 
extract  of  a  letter  from  Fritzsche  Brothers  : 
"  There  is  only  a  comparatively  small  amount  ot  lemon  and 
orange  oils  produced  in  California,  and  the  samples  which  have,  so 
far,  come  to  our  notice  were  of  very  inferior  quality.  It  is,  there- 
fore, not  to  be  expected  that  these  California  oils  will  prove  to  be  in 
serious  competition  with  the  Italian  oils.  The  terpeneless  oils  of 
lemon  and  orange  are  now  largely  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
soluble  extracts,  and  since  they  are  now  perfect  in  flavor,  they  can 
advantageously  be  employed  by  manufacturers." 
Remarks  were  also  made  on  the  olive  oil  industry  of  California; 
by  Messrs.  Boring  and  Bamford.  The  latter  stated  that  he  had 
learned  recently  that  a  company  had  been  organized  to  express  the 
fixed  oil  from  raisin  seeds,  which  was  to  be  used  as  a  substitute  for 
olive  oil. 
In  connection  with  Mr.  Wilbert's  paper  the  following  specimens, 
furnished  by  Fritzsche  Brothers,  were  exhibited:  Anethol  (oil  ol 
anise,  extra  strong),  oil  of  caraway  seed  (light,  carvene),  linalool, 
oil  of  fennel  seed  (sweet),  oil  of  fennel  seed  (sweet,  chaff),  oil  of 
anise  seed  (Russian,  rectified),  oil  of  lemon  (hand-pressed),  oil  of 
caraway  seed  (Dutch,  twice  rectified),  oil  of  orange  (sweet,  hand- 
pressed),  oil  of  limes  (distilled),  carvol  (oil  of  caraway,  extra  strong, 
specific  gravity  0-960),  oil  of  neroli  (synthetic  oil  of  orange  flowers) 
nerolini  (pure,  crystallized).  Specimens  of  neroline  and  linalool, 
furnished  by  Fries  Brothers,  were  also  shown. 
A  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  the  authors  of  the  papers. 
