Atnj^i903arm'}       Investigations  of  the  Tannins.  343 
evaporated,  the  residue  taken  up  in  water,  and  this  clear  solution 
shaken  with  ether. 
As  this  solvent  did  not  remove  anything,  the  watery  solution  was 
evaporated  to  dryness  under  reduced  pressure ;  the  residue  dis- 
solved in  alcohol  and  ether,  filtered  and  evaporated.  This  method 
of  purification  was  repeated  several  times  and  finally  gave  the  tan- 
nin in  a  puffed  condition. 
This  tannin  was  completely  soluble  in  water,  and  the  watery 
solution  was  tested  with  the  following  reagents: 
Reagent. 
Pinus  Echinata. 
Quercus  Robur. 
Gallotannic  Acid. 
Copper  sulphate  and 
No.  ppt.  ' 
Ppt. 
No.  ppt. 
Amnion,  hydrate. 
Purplish-brown  ppt. 
Red-brown  ppt. 
Brown  ppt. 
Pinewoodshavingand 
hydrochloric  acid. 
Violet  color  with  so;  e 
green. 
Violet  color. 
Slight  green  color. 
Ferric  chloride  and 
Green,  turning  yellow- 
ish brown  and  ppt. 
Bluish-green  color 
and  green  ppt. 
Blue  color  and  ppt. 
Amnion  hydrate. 
Purple  ppt. 
Purple-brown  ppt. 
Purple  ppt. 
Ammonio-ferric 
sulphate. 
Brownish-green  color 
and  ppt. 
Bluish-green  color 
and  green  ppt. 
Blue  color  and  ppt. 
JUGLANDACEZE. 
Hicoria  Laciniosa. — This  sample  of  bark  was  collected  at  St. 
David's,  Pa.,  July  12,  1894,  and  yielded  on  examination:  Moisture, 
9-65  percent.;  ash,  on  dry  basis,  5-95  per  cent.;  tannin,  on  dry 
basis,  673  per  cent. 
Torotee. — This  sample  was  sent  to  Professor  Trimble  from  New 
Mexico,  June  30,  1894,  a"d  yielded  :  Moisture,  9-56  per  cent.;  ash, 
on  dry  basis,  9-28  per  cent.  ;  tannin,  on  dry  basis,  25-43  per  cent. 
Eucalyptus  gum  from  Australia,  July  16,  1894,  yielded:  Moisture, 
I7'5  3  Per  cent.;  ash,  on  dry  basis,  *I  2  per  cent. ;  tannin,  on  dry  basis, 
20-6 1  per  cent. 
The  purified  tannin  from  this  sample  of  gum  was  submitted  to 
ultimate  organic  analysis  with  the  following  results,  these  being 
the  average  of  three  estimations:  Carbon,  56906  per  cent.;  hydro- 
gen, 4-148  per  cent.;  oxygen,  38  946  per  cent. 
Notes  on  the  acidity  of  the  fruit  of  the  sumachs,  which  is  due  to 
malic  acid. 
