ADecJemberP1i9or3m'}      Conservation  and  Cultivation  of  Plants.  555 
ECONOMICAL   PLANTS   OF   MEDICINAL   VALUE    WHICH    ARE  CULTIVATED. 
While  in  this  country  we  are  cultivating  useful  plants  from  for- 
eign countries  we  are  also  cultivating  at  the  rate  of  between  100 
and  200  of  our  native  plants  yearly  either  for  food  or  ornamentation. 
Many  of  the  latter  plants  are  also  of  medicinal  interest.  It  is  as- 
tonishing to  see  how  many  of  them  are  listed  in  the  catalogues  of 
nurserymen.  The  following  list  includes  some  of  the  deciduous  and 
evergreen  trees ;  the  botanical  names  of  the  plants  and  the  synonyms 
of  the  drugs  yielded  by  them  both  being  given.  I  make  mention 
of  these,  as  for  a  number  of  years  I  have  been  receiving  inquiries 
regarding  the  kinds  of  plants  that  are  adapted  for  cultivation  to 
certain  localities  and  where  they  may  be  obtained.  The  buckeye  or 
American  horse-chestnut  (Aesculns  glabra)]  the  European  horse- 
chestnut  (Aesculns  hippocastanum);  black  birch  bark  (Betula  lento)) 
chestnut  (Castanea  dentata);  Judas  tree  (Cercis  Canadensis))  dog- 
wood (Cornus  Florida);  persimmon  bark  (Diospyros  Virginiana); 
American  or  white  ash  bark  (Fraxinus  Americana) ;  black  ash  bark 
(Fraxinus  sambucifolia) ;  butternut  (Juglans  cinerea)  ;  black  walnut 
(Juglans  nigra)  ;  tamarac  bark  or  American  larch  (Larix  Americana) ; 
spice  bush  or  fever  bush  (Benzoin  benzoin);  sweet  gum  bark  (Liqui- 
dambar  styraciflua) ;  tulip  tree  bark  (Liriodendron  tulipifera) ;  sweet 
bay  or  magnolia  bark  {Magnolia  glauca);  pride  of  China  (Melia 
Azedarach)\  iron  wood  (Ostrya  Virginiana);  balsam  poplar  (Populus 
candicans);  white  poplar  (Populus  tremuloides);  hop  tree  or  wafer 
ash  (Ptelea  trifoliata) ;  mountain  ash  (Pyrus  Americana) ;  apple 
tree  bark  (Pyrus  malus);  white  oak  bark  (Quercus  alba);  red 
oak  bark  (Quercus  rubra) ;  black  oak  bark  {Quercus  tmctoria) ;  white 
willow  (Salix  alba) ;  black  willow  (Salix  nigra) ;  sassafras  (Sassafras 
variifolia) ;  elm  bark  ( Ulmus  fidva) ;  prickly  ash  (Xanthoxylum 
Americanum);  hemlock  spruce  (Tsuga  Canadensis); juniper (Juniperus 
communis);  savine  (Juniperus  sabina);  white  pine  (Pinus  strobus); 
eucalyptus  (Eucalyptus globulus) ;  red  gum  (Eucalyptus  rostrata);  wild 
cherry  (Prunus  serotina)  ;  orange  and  lemon  (species  of  citrus) ;  tree 
of  heaven  (Ailanthus  glandulosa). 
Some  of  the  drug-yielding  deciduous  and  evergreen  shrubs  that  are 
cultivated  are  swamp-,  bush-  or  tag-alder  {Alnus  serrulata) ;  barberry 
bark  (Berberis  vulgaris) ;  Jersey  tea  {Ceanothus  Americanus)  •  fringe 
tree  (Chionanthus  Virginica);  sweet  fern  (Comptonia  peregrind)\ 
red  osier  bark  (Cornus  stolonifera) ;    English   hawthorn  (Cratce- 
