386     BARK  OF  THE  ROOT  OF  EUONYMTJS  ATROPURPUREUS. 
eolation.  The  solution  thus  obtained  was  heated  and  filtered  to 
separate  albumen,  and  evaporated  to  a  semi-syrupy  consistence, 
when  a  granular  whitish  deposit  took  place.  This  deposit  was 
sparingly  soluble  in  water,  very  soluble  in  dilute  nitric  and  hy- 
drochloric acids;  a  portion  of  the  nitric  solution  tested  with  ox. 
alate  of  ammonia  gave  indications  ^f  lime,  and  gave  precipitates 
with  nitrate  of  silver  and  chloride  of  barium.  Acetate  of  lead 
gave  a  precipitate  very  soluble  in  citrate  of  ammonia,  but  in- 
soluble in  ammonia.  Its  hydrochloric  solution  treated  with  am. 
monia  and  boiling,  gave  a  precipitate,  which,  on  dissolving  again 
in  the  acid,  and  treating  as  before,  caused  again  a  precipitate. 
The  granular  deposit  was  therefore  Citrate  of  Lime. 
The  solution,  after  separation  of  citrate  of  lime,  was  diluted 
with  water  and  then  treated  with  acetate  of  lead  as  long  as  a  pre- 
cipitate was  obtained.  The  washed  precipitate  suspended  in 
water,  was  decomposed  by  a  stream  of  hydrosulphuric  acid. 
The  acid  solution  which  was  obtained,  on  being  neutralized  with 
ammonia  and  mixed  with  chloride  of  calcium,  afforded  a  pre- 
cipitate of  tartrate  of  lime,  recognized  by  its  behaviour  to. 
wards  solutions  of  soda  and  potassa,  and  by  the  sparingly  soluble 
salts  of  potassa  and  ammonia.  To  the  filtrate  after  the  separation 
of  tartrate  of  lime,  more  chloride  of  calcium  was  added  and  mixed 
with  an  excess  of  alcohol,  when  a  bulky  precipitate  subsided. 
This  precipitate  was  dissolved  in  acetic  acid,  and  again  precipi- 
tated by  acetate  of  lead,  to  which  a  little  ammonia  was  added, 
and  the  washed  precipitate  decomposed  as  before.  One  half  of 
the  acid  solution  evaporated  to  dryness,  and  heated  in  a  glass 
tube,  first  melted  and  then  decomposed  with  the  formation  of  a 
crystalline  sublimate,  which  possessed  strong  acid  properties, 
very  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  precipitated  by  acetate  of 
lead  and  barytic  water.  The  other  half  of  the  solution  was  di- 
vided into  two  equal  parts,  one  of  which  was  exactly  neutral- 
ized with  ammonia  and  evaporated,  when  it  was  left  as  a  deli- 
quescent uncrystallizable  salt.  On  dissolving  the  salt  again  in 
water,  and  adding  the  other  remaining  half  of  the  acid,  a  less 
soluble  bi-salt,  consisting  of  acicular  crystals  is  obtained.  The 
acid  under  examination  is  therefore  Malie  Acid. 
The  liquid,  after  the  action  of  neutral  acetate  of  lead,  was 
treated  with  subacetate  of  lead,  and  the  washed  precipitate  de- 
