THE  TRADE  IN  LIQUORICE. 
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came  fuller  under  the  use  of  these  means,  and  reached  130.  He 
complained  only  of  the  pain  in  the  head  and  chest,  and  latterly 
of  the  mustard.  At  the  end  of  three  hours  the  sinapisms  were 
removed,  and  though  the  mustard  was  very  good  the  skin  was 
not  at  all  reddened.  I  then  left  him  for  the  night,  ordering  jss. 
of  brandy  to  be  given  him  every  half  hour,  to  alternate  as  be- 
fore with  the  ammonia  and  chloric  ether,  and  to  inhale  ammo- 
nia frequently.  This  plan  was  pursued  throughout  the  night, 
and  by  the  next  morning  his  livid  hue  was  fading,  and  he  soon 
got  quite  well  again.  The  legs,  however,  being  blistered  and 
painful  from  the  mustard,  kept  him  in  bed  for  some  days — 
London  Pharm.  Journ.  July  1862. 
THE  TRADE  IN  LIQUORICE. 
By  P.  L.  Simmonds,  F.  S.  S. 
The  increasing  importance  of  the  trade  and  manufacture  of 
Liquorice,  induces  me  to  pen  a  few  remarks  on  this  article  of 
commerce.  The  consumption  in  England  has  hitherto  been 
about  1200  to  1500  tons  a  year,  but  in  North  America  the  con- 
sumption had  reached  4000  to  5000  tons  per  annum  previous  to 
the  war.  The  reason  why  so  much  more  was  consumed  in  the 
States  than  in  England  was  the  much  lower  rate  of  duty  im- 
posed, and  its  extensive  use  in  manufacturing  tobacco, — liquor- 
ice juice  being  found  not  only  an  excellent  preservative  to  the 
leaf,  but  also  beneficial  in  mitigating  the  evil  effects  arising 
from  the  extensive  practice  of  chewing  and  smoking  carried  on 
there. 
The  chief  obstacles  to  extended  consumption  in  England  have 
hitherto  been  the  high  price,  the  high  rates  of  duty,  and  the 
great  impurity  and  adulteration  of  both  foreign  and  home-made 
sticks  and  piping.  Henceforward  the  consumption  is  likely  to 
increase  enormously  in  the  United  Kingdom,  liquorice-paste 
having  fallen  in  price  from  90s.  to  45s.  under  the  influence  of 
the  removal  of  the  duty  by  Mr.  Gladstone,  and  the  cessation  of 
demand  in  America.  Liquorice  sticks,  the  best  that  can  be 
made  from  Spanish  and  Italian  root,  are  now  sold  at  100s.,  and 
a  very  good  pure  article  at  60s.  to  70s.  made  from  Levant  roots. 
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