554 
CLARIFICATION  OF  SACCHARINE  LIQUIDS. 
tive  state,  but  without  augmenting  them.  We  have  sought,  in 
the  production  of  a  new  fixed  product  in  the  charcoal  itself,  for 
the  solution  of  the  problem  of  augmenting  the  absorbing 'prop- 
erties of  charcoal. 
When  one  equivalent  of  biphosphate  of  lime  is  added  to  one 
equivalent  of  tribasic  phosphate  of  lime,  identical  with  that  which 
enters  into  the  composition  of  animal  charcoal,  the  two  phos- 
phates combine  and  form  a  third,  which  is  a  phosphate  with  two 
equivalents  of  base.  This  is  explained  by  the  following  for- 
mula : 
P05. 3CaO+P05.Ca0.2HO=  2  (P05  2CaO.HO.) 
This  new  phosphate  is  insoluble  in  water,  has  no  acid  action 
on  litmus  paper,  produces  no  inverting  action  on  the  sugar,  and 
possesses  very  energetic  absorbing  properties. 
What  takes  place  in  a  test-glass  with  tribasic  phosphate  of 
lime  is  produced  in  the  same  manner  in  a  filter  filled  with  gran- 
ulated animal  charcoal  when  a  weak  solution  of  biphosphate  of 
lime  is  poured  over  it.  The  same  effect  is  produced  with  pow- 
dered animal  charcoal.  Charcoals  treated  in  this  way  possess 
greater  absorbing  powers,  which  can  be  varied  at  will,  and  a 
smaller  quantity  of  this  charcoal  suffices  to  produce  a  greater 
degree  of  refinement  in  juices  and  syrups. 
Further,  we  have  utilised  for  clarifying  and  purifying  saccha- 
rine liquids  the  singular  property  possessed  by  the  phosphate 
with  three  equivalents  of  lime,  of  precipitating  itself  in  a  gela- 
tinous form,  and  of  carrying  with  it  all  matters  hindering  the 
transparency  of  syrups,  much  more  effectual  than  albumen, 
blood,  and  other  matters  used  in  clarification.  In  short,  our 
processes  are  founded  on  attentive  and  inductive  study  of  the 
singular  and  useful  properties  of  different  phosphates  of  lime, 
and  of  their  application  to  the  refinement  of  saccharine  liquids, 
particularly  beet-root  juice  and  syrups. 
The  foregoing  processes  are  in  operation  at  two  important 
sugar  works  in  the  department  of  the  Oise, — one  at  Fraucieres, 
belonging  to  MM.  Bachoux  and  Co. ;  the  other  at  Frogers, 
belonging  to  MM.  Daniel  and  Co.  The  quantity  of  sugar 
made  at  these  two  works  by  our  processes  is  now  about  300,000 
kilogrammes.  This  manufacture  has  sufficiently  shown  the 
value  of  our  processes  and  the  reality  of  the  advantages  they 
