Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
July,  1911. 
I        Pharmacognosy  of  Echinacea. 
319 
which  will  be  referred  to  in  some  detail  later  (Figs.  2  and  3).  In 
the  rhizome  there  is  also  included  in  this  layer  somewhat  irregular 
tangentially  elongated  groups  of  bast  fibres  (Fig.  i,  E),  which  give 
a  strong  reaction  for  lignin  with  phloroglucin.  The  walls  of  these 
fibres  are  not  only  lignified  but  are  frequently  very  thick  and  almost 
transparent,  very  finely  laminated  and  marked  with  a  few  simple 
Fig. 
Stone  cells  showing  the  distribution  of  the  black  intercellular  substance. 
pores,  which  are  more  apparent  when  any  of  the  ordinary  reagents 
are  employed. 
The  leptome  or  sieve  extends  in  rays  of  varying  width  from  the 
cambium  to  the  outer  bark,  being  bounded  in  the  case  of  the  rhizome 
by  the  bast  fibres.  In  between  these  radial  rows  of  sieve  the  tissue 
for  the  most  part  is  parenchymatic  and  contains  considerable  inulin. 
