Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  \ 
September,  1911.  J 
Teaching  of  Pharmacognosy. 
435 
5.  Ability  to  recognize  and  name  the  different  kinds  of  cells  in 
a  section. 
6.  Naming  the  kinds  of  cells  in  a  powdered  drug,  especially  such 
as  stone,  bast,  tracheids,  trichomes." 
One  of  the  questions  in  the  list  submitted  by  l^rofessor  G.  H. 
Jensen  strikes  me  as  being  very  practical.  It  is  "  In  the  examination 
of  a  powder,  what  elementary  structures  place  it  into  the  class  of 
barks,  woods,  and  leaves  ?  "  Professor  Albert  Schneider  has  sub- 
mitted a  similar  question  which  reads :  "  Name  the  tissues  and 
tissue  elements  that  are  found  in  barks,  and  roots,  in  leaves,  in 
seeds,  in  woods." 
I  also  received  a  number  of  other  lists  of  questions,  but  they 
did  not  strike  me  as  having  anything  novel  in  them  and  so  I  do 
not  give  them  at  this  time,  although  I  will  probably  refer  to  them 
in  another  paper. 
Professor  Sayre  has  written  in  addition  to  sending  me  a  list 
of  questions  some  things  that  I  feel  like  adding  in  concluding  this 
paper.  He  says :  "  Permit  me  to  state  that  you  could  not  get  ten 
men  to  agree  on  any  set  of  questions  nor  to  agree  on  the  policy 
of  making  up  the  questions,  but  I  venture  to  give  you  my  own  ideas 
in  the  limited  time  I  have  to  dictate  them  offhand. 
"  In  the  first  place,  questions  should  have  a  carefully  selected 
variety,  that  is,  there  should  be  a  variety  chosen  from  different 
classes  of  crude  drugs.  In  the  second  place  in  almost  every  cjues- 
tion  something  should  be  drawn  out  of  the  student  in*  his  answers 
as  to  the  microscopical  and,  now  and  then,  the  botanical  character- 
istics. Third,  there  should  be  sometimes  added  to  the  questions  a 
general  question  rather  than  a  specific  one,  such  as  'Write  a 
paragraph  or  a  treatise  of  at  least  250  words  on  what  you  know 
of  a  certain  subject.'  In  the  fourth  place,  I  believe  that  examina- 
tions should  represent  modern  thought  and  teaching  and  should 
include  laboratory  demonstrations  where  the  student  should  have 
an  opportunity  to  show,  first,  that  he  knows  how  tO'  use  the  micro- 
scope, and  second,  that  he  has  done  microscopical  work,  and  third, 
that  he  shall  be  able  to^  demonstrate  that  he  is  familiar  with  certain 
microscopical  processes.  Fifth,  I  think  that  examinations  in  Materia 
Medica  should  be  confined  to  well  established  and  commonly  recog- 
nized drugs." 
In  summarizing  I  may  say  then  that  in  discussing  this  subject 
