DISMEMBERMENT  OF  PHARMACY  FROM  PHYSIC.  171 
boschi,  quoting  Fabricius,  says  that  Saladin  was  alive  in  1163. 
This  pompous  physician  begins  his  book,  which  is  without  a  date, 
by  declaring  that  on  account  of  the  ignorance  and  unskilfulness 
of  the  Aromatarii, — for  this  is  the  name  under  which  the  ancient 
pigmentarii  were  then  designated, — the  most  learned  doctors  are 
brought  into  contempt,  and  much  danger  results.  Therefore  (he 
says),  moved  by  compassion  for  physicians,  and  by  the  entreaties 
of  many  aromatarii — I,  Saladin,  Doctor  of  Arts  and  of  Medicine, 
have  determined  to  write  this  treatise,  entitled  "  Compendium 
Aromatariorum."  Saladin  seems  to  have  been  the  first  that 
proposed  that  the  aromatarii  should  not  be  allowed  to  compound 
medicines  without  submitting  to  examination  by  skilful  physi- 
cians ;  and,  if  found  ignorant,  that  they  should  be  visited  with 
condign  punishment.  His  book  is  written  with  the  design  of 
being  the  text  for  examination.  The  first  question  in  it  is 
"  What  is  the  duty  of  an  aromatarius  ?"  The  answer  is  "terere, 
abluere,  infundere,  coquere,  destillare,  bene  conficere,  etconfecta 
bene  conservare.  Propter  quae  omnia  dico  ulterius  quod  aroma- 
tarii tenentur  scire  grammaticam,  ut  valeant  bene  intelligere 
dispensationes  receptarum,  et  antidotariorurn  et  scientiae  medici- 
ne." Here,  then,  is  a  clear  definition  of  an  aromatarius  of 
Tarento  about  the  year  1163.  Saladin  further  describes  what 
sort  of  person  an  aromatarius  or  apothecary  should  be.  He 
ought  not  to  be  a  boy,  nor  very  young ;  nor  proud,  pompous,  or 
addicted  to  women  and  vanity.  He  should  be  a  stranger  to  the 
gaming  table  and  tavern.  Neither  for  love,  fear,  or  money  shall 
he  do  anything  contrary  to  conscience  or  the  honor  of  a  physi- 
cian. He  shall  not  administer  to  pregnant  women  medicines 
calculated  to  provoke  abortion  ;  nor  through  fear  of  power,  or 
love  of  money,  shall  he  prepare  poisonous  medicines  or  poisoned 
cups;  nor  make  syrups  with  honey  which  should  be  made  with 
sugar.  The  aromatarius,  of  himself  and  without  the  permission 
and  advice  of  a  skilful  physician,  is  not  to  do  anything,  and  es- 
pecially he  is  not  to  add  anything  to  laxative  medicines.  He  is 
to  reject  spoiled  medicines  and  pills  which  have  become  as  hard 
as  stones,  and  he  shall  not  substitute  one  thing  for  another  when 
he  happens  not  to  have  the  article.  Saladin  lastly  informs  us 
of  a  very  important  part  of  the  duty  of  the  aromatarius,  one 
