ICE  ;  ITS  COLLECTION,  STORAGE  AND  DISTRIBUTION.  211 
ration  uniform  in  its  proportions,  and  practical  in  its  mode  of 
manipulation. 
As  a  valuable  remedy  chlorodyne  has  been  highly  extolled, 
and  in  some  instances  has  acted  as  a  specific  in  epidemic  cholera, 
which  is  its  principal  use.  Its  other  medicinal  powers  are  repu- 
ted to  be  anodyne,  diaphoretic,  antispasmodic  and  astringent. 
In  prescribing  so  powerful  a  substance,  physicians  should.be 
perfectly  familiar  with  its  dose  and  other  properties.  Each 
teaspoonful  contains  lgr.  sulph.  morphia  and  about  half  a  grain 
of  ext.  Indian  hemp,  and  a  drop  and  a  half  of  Scheele's  prussic 
acid,  equal  nearly  to  four  drops  of  U.  S.  Pharm.  acid. 
«►  
ICE  ;  ITS  COLLECTION,  STORAGE  AND  DISTRIBUTION. 
By  H.  T.  Cummings,  M.  D. 
This  substance,  from  time  immemorial,  in  the  countries  of  the 
Eastern  Hemisphere,  an  article  of  luxury,  has  become  one  of 
prime  necessity  the  world  over.  It  enters  into  almost  every 
house  and  place  of  business,  contributing  its  grateful  coolness  to 
the  water  rendered  insipid  and  tasteless  by  the  fervid  heats  of 
summer ;  it  operates,  by  its  antiseptic  power,  in  the  preservation 
of  meats,  vegetables  and  fruits  in  a  fresh  condition,  unchanged 
by  the  action  of  salt  or  brine  ;  it  freezes  the  creams,  and  cools 
the  mineral  water  of  the  confectioner;  and  aids  the  pharmaceu- 
tist in  the  condensation  of  distillates,  the  preparation  of  freezing 
mixtures,  and  the  cooling  of  suppositories  and  ointments,  and 
furnishes  a  substitute  of  no  mean  value  for  distilled  water.  So 
varied  and  important  are  its  uses,  and  so  valuable  is  it  in  the 
operations  conducted  in  the  laboratory  of  the  chemist  and  phar- 
maceutist, and  so  extensive  the  business  and  capital  concerned 
in  its  collection  and  distribution,  that  a  few  notes  respecting  it 
have  not  been  deemed  as  misplaced  in  this  Journal. 
Fifty  or  sixty  years  ago  Mr.  Frederic  Tudor,  of  Boston,  en- 
tered upon  the  enterprise  of  exporting  ice  to  the  West  Indies. 
He  encountered  the  greatest  difficulties  in  starting  the  business, 
among  which  was  one  which  would  bring  a  smile  upon  the  face  of 
any  twelve-year-old  boy  of  to-day.  It  was  as  difficult  to  charter  a 
vessel  to  carry  ice  then,  as  it  would  be  now  to  get  one  to  carry  ni- 
