232         BOTANY  IN  ITS  BEARINGS  ON  PHARMACY,  ETC. 
hour,  others  to  study  the  plants,  whilst  very  many  others  are  attracted 
by  the  menageries  situated  on  the  northern  side,  and  which  are  inter- 
spersed among  trees  and  shrubbery  in  a  way  at  once  adding  to  the  com- 
fort of  the  animals,  and  the  interest  and  beauty  of  the  arrangements, 
which  are  very  extensive.  Within  the  grounds,  which  are  enclosed  with 
a  high  iron  railing,  are  two  artificial  mounds  or  hills,  one  called  the 
Labyrinth,  covered  with  trees,  shrubbery,  and  intricate  paths.  There  is 
a  cedar  of  Lebanon  134  years  old,  sent  from  England  by  Collinson,  which 
is  now  nearly  four  feet  in  diameter  five  feet  from  the  ground,  and  was 
planted  by  the  elder  Jussieu.  From  the  top  of  this  mound  a  fine  view  is 
had  to  the  north  and  east.  The  western  hill  is  an  arboretum  of  evergreens 
embracing  a  large  number  of  species,  and  at  its  southern  base  is  an  en- 
closure where  many  valuable  exotics  from  Australia,  the  Cape,  and  Africa, 
are  kept  in  warm  weather.  Nearly  12,000  species  are  under  culture  in 
the  garden,  and  between  nine  and  ten  thousand  packages  of  seeds,  and 
nearly  as  many  young  trees,  are  distributed  annually  to  professional  hands 
for  culture.  On  our  first  visit,  in  May,  the  bedded  plants  were  just  coming 
out.  Afterwards,  in  August,  almost  a  drouth  prevailed  ;  many  of  the 
trees  were  losing  their  leaves,  and  the  whole  garden  had  a  dingy  and 
dusty  aspect,  in  consequence  of  the  dry  weather.  The  annual  expenses 
are  over  $100,000. 
The  garden  at  Naples  is  located  on  Strada  Foria,  near  the  poor- 
house.  It  has  an  excellent  collection  of  trees  and  shrubs,  among  which 
many  of  our  own  were  noticed  with  pleasure, — several  fine  magnolias 
among  them.  It  is  rich  in  Australian  plants,  many  of  which  were  in 
bloom,  and  many  intra-tropical  trees,  including  palms;  but  the  garden  is 
badly  supplied  with  water,  and  at  that  time  dry  weather  prevailed.  The 
garden  is  moderate  in  dimensions,  and  does  not  possess  very  great 
accommodations  under  glass.  The  borders  were,  however,  neatly  laid 
out,  and  in  good  order;  but  it  was  too  early  in  the  season  for  much  dis- 
play of  annuals. 
The  garden  at  Berne  is  new,  and  under  the  auspices  of  the  University, 
Prof.  Fischer  being  the  director.  It  is  situated  on  the  north-west  side 
of  the  city,  beyond  the  Aare,  is  protected  by  the  railway  embankment 
and  has  a  southern  exposure.  It  is  managed  with  evident  interest  and 
energy,  and  presents  many  features  deserving  of  notice,  among  which  a 
pond  for  aquatic  plants  may  be  instanced.  Its  isolated  position,  how- 
ever, causes  it  to  be  less  frequented  by  the  public  than  some  other 
gardens. 
The  space  devoted  to  a  botanical  garden  at  Zurich  is  on  the  north- 
western side  of  the  city,  but  within  its  borders.  It  is  not  extensive,  but 
includes  several  green-houses  of  moderate  dimensions.  There  is  an  eleva- 
tion or  mound  within  the  enclosure,  called  the  Katz,  planted  with  lime 
trees  on  the  summit,  and  shrubbery,  etc.,  on  the  sides,  which  was,  we  be- 
lieve, formerly  a  fortification.  Several  monumental  busts  of  botanists  are 
erected  in  the  grounds.    The  impression  made  by  this  garden  was  not  as 
