Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
January,  1915. 
J  Development  of  the  Sugar  -Industry. 
25 
matter.  A  flocculent  precipitate  is  formed,  which  partly  rises  to 
the  surface  to  form  a  blanket  of  scum  and  partly  settles  to  the 
bottom  as  a  sediment.  After  standing  a  short  time  the  clear  juice 
is  drawn  off,  while  the  sediment  and  scums  are  passed  through  filter 
presses  and  washed  to  remove  adhering  sugar,  the  runnings  from  the 
presses  being  then  added  to  the  main  body  of  clarified  juice  (Fig.  9). 
The  clarified  juice  is  next  evaporated  in  the  multiple  effect  to  a 
syrup,  which  is  then  further  concentrated  in  a  vacuum  pan  to  the 
point  at  which  the  sugar  separates  as  a  thick  mass  of  crystals,  the 
masse  cuite.  The  latter  is  then  purged  in  the  centrifugals,  the  sugar 
remaining  behind  and  the  molasses  escaping. 
Fig.  9. — Filter  presses. 
The  general  lay-out  of  a  modern  sugar  factory  may  be  seen  from 
Fig.  10,  a  view  taken  from  the  top  of  the  cane  mill.  The  bagasse 
from  the  last  rollers  falls  upon  a  conveyor,  which  carries  it  to  the 
burners.  The  defecators  for  clarifying  the  juice  are  at  the  left. 
In  the  distance,  on  a  high  platform,  is  a  triple  effect  and  on  the 
same  level  is  the  vacuum  pan,  which  is  connected  with  a  high  con- 
densing column.  Underneath  the  vacuum  pan  are  the  crystallizers 
and  centrifugals. 
The  molasses  which  escapes  from  the  centrifugals  still  contains 
a  considerable  quantity  of  sucrose,  and  many  processes  have  been 
devised  to  reduce  this  amount  to  the  minimum.    Owing  to  the  accu- 
