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Druggist  and  Veterinarian. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
June,  1915. 
danger  in  getting  them  down  the  trachea  if  the  horse  is  drenched ; 
and  if  this  happens,  traumatic  pneumonia  is  the  usual  result.  If  a 
horse  retains  liquid  in  the  mouth,  a  few  drachms  of  lukewarm  water 
poured  into  the  nostril  will  always  cause  him  to  swallow,  but  medicine 
should  never  be  thus  given.  Cattle  may  be  drenched ;  it  is  as  easy 
as  pouring  water  down  a  rat  hole.  A  nice  way  to  give  liquids  to  a 
dog  is  to  close  the  jaws  with  a  piece  of  tape  or  string  and  then, 
making  a  pocket  of  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  pour  in  the  dose  and 
elevate  the  head.  Pills  may  be  given  by  opening  the  mouth  by  press- 
ure where  the  under  and  upper  jaw  come  together,  dropping  the  pill 
on  the  base  of  the  tongue,  then  allow  the  mouth  to  close,  and  give 
the  dog  a  smart  tap  with  the  flat  of  the  hand  under  the  jaw.  Cats 
will  lick  many  preparations  off  their  fur  ;  in  default  they  may  be 
handled  like  dogs.  If  they  are  inclined  to  scratch,  roll  them  up  in 
a  towel  or  apron. 
The  dose  for  animals  compared  with  the  dose  for  man. 
Horse  30  times. 
Cow  20  to  30  times. 
Sheep  .  4  times. 
Foal   '.About  4  times. 
Pig   .....  5  times. 
Dog  .  About  same  as  man. 
Cat  One-half. 
This  table,  however,  is  not  altogether  trustworthy. 
The  lower  animals  are  more  susceptible  to  the  action  of  spinal 
stimulants  than  man.  They  don't  stand  nux  vomica  or  strychnia  as 
well  as  we  do.  I  have  seen  ^io  of  a  grain  of  strychnia  given  to  a 
nursing  bitch  produce  light  convulsions  in  her  puppies,  and  especially 
should  we  be  careful  of  strychnia  if  there  is  suppression  or  reten- 
tion of  urine. 
Morphia  often  acts  like  apomorphia  in  the  dog,  although  its 
secondary  action  is  narcotic,  and  it  often  acts  as  an  excitant  to  the 
cat ;  on  the  other  hand,  the  horse  takes  opiates  well.  I  have  given  a 
light  horse  a  drachm  of  morphia  in  twelve  hours  without  any  un- 
favorable result. 
Cocaine  used  as  a  local  anaesthetic  in  canine  surgery  is  often 
unduly  exciting,  and  may  well  be  replaced  with  quinine  and  urea 
hydrochloride.  Most  of  the  lower  animals  stand  chloral  well,  the 
exception  being  old  pet  dogs  with  fatty  heart. 
