402        Therapeutics  and  Chemistry  of  Oxypinenes.  {^™pteJmbeVPi9iT" 
In  1678'  there  appeared  a  published  account  of  oil  of  turpentine 
in  a  little  book  by  James  Yonge,  of  Plymouth,  where  he  describes  its 
use  for  arresting  hemorrhages.  His  book  bears  the  title  "  Currus 
Triumphalis,  e  Terebintho ;  or  an  account  of  the  many  admirable 
virtues  of  the  oleum  therebenthinae,  etc.,  in  two  letters,  the  one  to 
James  Pearce,  Esq.,  Surgeon  to  H.  R.  H.  the  Duke  of  York  and 
Surgeon- General  to  his  Majesty's  Royal  Navy;  the  other  to  Mr. 
Thos.  Hobbs,^Chirurgeon,  in  London." 
In  the  reign  of  Charles  II  a  Plymouth  practitioner  praises  the 
varied  virtues  of  the  oxidized  oil  of  turpentine  as  "  the  best,  if  not  the 
only,  styptic  in  the  time  of  John  Hunter."  5 
The  resin, — that  is,  the  oxidation  products  of  pines  and  firs, — 
was  known  to  the  ancients.  Kopp,  in  his  "  Geschichte  der  Chemie" 
1874  vol.  1,  p.  392,  says  that  the  essential  oils  of  turpentine  were 
known  to  Marcus  Grsecus,  who  termed  them  "  Aqua  ardens." 
In  "Die  Mtherische  CEle''  by  Gildemeister  and  Hoffman,  it  is 
stated  that  "  the  oils  obtained  by  the  distillation  of  the  oleoresins  of 
various  Abietincese  were  known  to  the  ancients  as  "  itiaas.  ew}"  and 
later  became  known  as  turpentine  oil,  which  name  seems  to  have  been 
introduced  during  the  period  of  Greek  civilization. 
The  early  observations  made  in  connection  with  oil  of  turpentine 
which  had  been  exposed  to  air  mostly  concerned  its  behavior  at  low 
temperatures.  Margueron  in  Journ.  de  Chim.  et  de  Phys.,  1794,  t.  2, 
p.  178,  states  that  the  oil  solidifies  into  a  crystalline  mass  when  re- 
duced to  a  temperature  of — 22 0  R. 
Already  in  1727  I.  Joseph  Geoffrey  had  observed  crystals  in  the 
neck  of  the  retort  when  distilling  oil  of  turpentine.  These  needle- 
like crystals,  which  were  without  doubt  pinol  hydrate,  were  then 
called  "  turpentine  camphor." 
In  an  abstract  of  a  paper  by  Theophilus  Thompson,  M.D.,  in  Roy. 
Med.  and  Chir.  Soc.  Proc.,  vol.  3,  London,  1858-61,  p.  106,  entitled 
"Observations  on  the  Medical  Administration  of  Ozonized  Oils,"  the 
author  describes  the  results  obtained  from  the  administration  of 
ozone  in  association  with  oils ;  the  oils  being  ozonized  by  exposure 
for  a  considerable  time  to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  after  having  been 
saturated  with  gaseous  oxygen  according  to  the  process  of  Air.  D. 
Campbell. 
Fourteen  consumptive  patients  were  subjected  to  this  treatment 
5  Med.  Times  and  Gaz.,  London,  1875,  vol.  1,  p.  414. 
