450  Examination  of  Opium  Alkaloids.      {A October  1915™' 
washed  with  water,  evaporated,  the  residue  dried  at  ioo°  C,  and 
weighed.  If  the  quantities  of  papaverine  hydrochloride  taken  for 
the  test  lay  between  0.2  and  0.3  Gm.  the  residues  obtained  by  this 
method  usually  amounted  to  less  than  2  per  cent.  The  residue  in 
all  cases  consisted  principally  of  papaverine  which  had  escaped  pre- 
cipitation. From  the  violet  color  produced  by  solution  in  sulphuric 
acid  it  was  concluded  that  traces  of  cryptopine  were  present  in  two 
of  the  residues.  Codeine  was  not  present  in  any.  The  following 
results  were  obtained : 
From  0.2842  Gm.  of  papaverine  hydrochloride,  equivalent  to 
0.2566  Gm.  of  papaverine,  0.3103  Gm.  of  papaverine  ferricyanide 
was  obtained,  equivalent  to  0.2535  Gm.  of  papaverine,  or  98.77  per 
cent,  of  the  theoretical  amount.  From  the  nitrate  a  residue  weigh- 
ing 0.0032  Gm.  was  obtained,  equivalent  to  1.25  per  cent,  of  the 
alkaloid  taken.  From  0.3282  Gm.  of  papaverine  hydrochloride, 
equivalent  to  0.2964  Gm.  of  papaverine,  0.3521  Gm.  of  papaverine 
ferricyanide  was  obtained,  equivalent  to  0.2907  Gm.  of  papaverine, 
or  98.07  per  cent  of  the  theoretical  amount.  From  the  filtrate  a 
residue  weighing  0.0065  Gm.  was  obtained,  equivalent  to  1.98  per 
cent,  of  the  alkaloid  taken. 
Tests  for  codeine  were  made  by  the  water  solubility  method  al- 
ready described  under  narcotine  hydrochloride.  The  following  re- 
sults were  obtained : 
From  0.5028  Gm.  of  papaverine  hydrochloride,  equivalent  to 
0.4540  Gm.  of  papaverine,  a  precipitate  weighing  0.4560  Gm.  was 
obtained,  equivalent  to  100.44  Per  cent,  of  the  theoretical  amount 
of  papaverine  taken.  The  nitrate  gave  an  anhydrous  ether  extract 
residue  weighing  0.0032  Gm.,  or  0.71  per  cent,  of  the  theoretical 
quantity  of  papaverine  taken.  This  residue  gave  tests  for  papa- 
verine, but  no  satisfactory  tests  for  codeine  or  cryptopine  could  be 
obtained.  From  0.2070  Gm.  of  papaverine  hydrochloride,  equivalent 
to  0.1869  Gm.  of  papaverine,  a  precipitate  weighing  0.1857  Gm.  was 
obtained,  equivalent  to  99.04  per  cent,  of  the  theoretical  amount  of 
papaverine  taken.  From  the  filtrate  an  anhydrous  ether-extract 
residue  was  obtained  weighing  0.0014  Gm.,  equivalent  to  0.75  per 
cent,  of  the  theoretical  amount  of  papaverine  taken.  From  0.2255 
Gm.  of  papaverine  hydrochloride,  equivalent  to  0.2036  Gm.  of  pa- 
paverine, to  which  0.0121  Gm.  of  anhydrous  codeine  had  been  added, 
a  precipitate  weighing  0.2010  Gm.  was  obtained,  equivalent  to  98.72 
per  cent,  of  the  theoretical  amount  of  papaverine  taken.    From  the 
