A October,  1915™' }     Examination  of  Opium  Alkaloids.  463 
If  0.1  Gm.  of  thebaine  hydrochloride  be  dissolved  in  10  Cc.  of 
water  and  a  few  drops  of  hydrochloric  acid  added,  the  solution 
should  not  at  once  became  turbid  on  the  addition  of  barium  chloride 
solution  (limit  of  sulphate). 
If  from  0.2  to  0.3  Gm.  of  thebaine  hydrochloride  be  weighed  and 
the  salt  burned,  the  ash  should  not  exceed  0.1  per  cent,  of  the 
weight  taken. 
If  from  0.2  to  0.3  Gm.  of  thebaine  hydrochloride  be  weighed, 
dissolved  in  25  Cc.  of  water,  a  slight  excess  of  ammonia  water  added, 
the  mixture  shaken  with  three  successive  portions  of  25  Cc.  each  of 
ether,  or  a  sufficient  quantity  to  complete  the  extraction,  the  combined 
ether  solutions  washed  with  water,  evaporated,  the  residue  dried  to 
constant  weight  at  100 0  C.  and  weighed,  the  weight  found  should 
correspond  to  not  less  than  84  .5  per  cent  of  anhydrous  thebaine. 
The  alkaloid  obtained  by  this  process  should  melt  at  192.5  to 
193-5°  C. 
Appendix  I. 
The  Opium  Alkaloids  and  the  Approximate  Percentages  in  which  They  Occur  in 
Smyrna  Opium.18 
Name 
Formula 
Approximate 
percentage  in 
Smyrna  opium 
Morphine  
Ci7H1903N 
9.OO-IO.OO 
CaaHssOrN 
5.00 
C20H21O,N 
O.80 
C19H2103N 
O.4O 
C18H2103N 
0.30-O  4 
Narceine  
Co3H270  8N 
0.20 
Cryptopine  
C2,H2305N 
0.08 
Pseudo-morphine  
(C17H1803N)2 
0.02 
C20H25O4N 
O.OI 
C23H,604N 
O.OO6 
C2dH1905N 
0.003 
C20H25O4N 
0.002 
(C21H27  03N)20 
O.OOI5 
Laudanosine  
C21H2704N 
0.0008 
Gnoscopine  (dl-narcotine). . .  . 
C22H2307N 
traces 
C12H150.3N 
traces 
Hydroxy-codeine  
Ci8H2104N 
traces 
Laudanidine  
C20H25O4N 
traces 
C2iH2304N 
traces 
Oxynarcotine  
C22H230sN 
traces 
Papaveramine  
C21H2506N 
traces 
Proto-papaverine  
C19H1904N 
traces 
C2iH2104N 
traces 
Rheadine  
C21H2106N 
traces 
Xanthaline  (papaveraldine)19. 
C20H19O5N 
traces 
18Henry,  "The  Plant  Alkaloids,"  199  (1913J. 
19  These  are  possibly  decomposition  products  of  narcotine  and  papaverine,  respectively. 
