AMi.'[i7i,'iP8I73RM'}  Gleanings  from  the  European  Journals.  311 
the  crystals  purified  by  recrystallization,  when  they  are  obtained  per- 
fectly colorless. 
In  two  experiments  the  yield  was  over  one  per  ct.,  and  the  cost,  ex- 
clusive of  labor,  about  one-fourth  of  the  commercial  acid.  The  filtrate 
from  the  citrate  of  calcium  contains  sugar  (five  per  cent,  of  the  ber- 
ries used),  which  may  be  utilized  by  converting  It  into  vinegar,  or  into 
alcohol,  in  which  latter  case  the  ma  late  of  calcium  may  likewise  be 
obtained.— N.  Jahrb.  f  Pharm.  1873,  April,  193-197. 
Cleaning  of  Bottles.  A.  Eckstein  recommends  to  clean  bottles 
which  contained  solutions  of  resins,  by  using  first  lye  and  rinsing 
them  filially  with  alcohol.  If  they  contained  petroleum,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, &c,  the  volatile  oil  is  destroyed  with  some  strong  sul^iric 
acid,  and  the  bottle  placed  under  a  hydrant,  when  the  last  Lnices  of 
the  volatile  oil  will  be  readily  removed. — Ibid.,  241. 
A  new  anilin  red  is  obtained,  according  to  M.  F.  Hamel,  by  adding 
to  25  or  30  grains  of  anilin  contained  in  a  glass  flask  a  few  drops  of 
chloride  of  sulphur,  and  shaking  continually  to  prevent  the  carboniza- 
tion of  the  anilin.  After  five  or  ten  minutes  the  mixture  is  dissolved 
in  strong  acetic  acid,  filtered  and  carefully  evaporated,  when  a  bril- 
liant almost  black  body  is  obtained,  which  dissolves  in  acetic  acid, 
ether  and  alcohol,  with  a  beautiful  color  resembling  fuchsin. — Pharm. 
Cent.  Halle,  1873,  No.  17. 
To  fasten  leather  upon  metal,  F.  Sieburger  recommends  the  process 
proposed  by  the  late  Prof.  Fuchs  :  one  part  of  crushed  nutgalls  is  di- 
gested six  hours  with  eight  p.  distilled  water,  and  strained.  Glue  is 
macerated  in  its  own  weight  of  water  for  twenty-four  hours,  and  then 
dissolved.  The  warm  infusion  of  galls  is  spread  upon  the  leather, 
the  glue  solution  upon  the  roughened  surface  of  the  warm  metal,  the 
moist  leather  is  pressed  upon  it  and  then  dried,  when  it  adheres  so 
that  it  cannot  be  removed  without  tearing. — Ibid.,  No.  19,  from  Poly 't. 
Notizbl. 
A  new  extract  of  meat.  Neues  Jahrb.  f.  Pharm.  for  April  contains 
an 'extract  from  a  paper  by  Prof.  Leube,  of  Jena,  published  in  Berl. 
klin.  Wochenschr.,  1873,  p.  195,  in  which  the  following  directions  are 
given  :  1000  grams  of  beef  free  from  fat  and  bones  are  cut  very  fine, 
mixed  in  a  porcelain  vessel  with  1000  grams  of  water  and  20  grams 
of  pure  muriatic  acid,  and  then  boiled  in  a  Papin's  pot  for  ten  or  fif- 
