354     Laws  which  Regulate  the  Distribution,  Etc.  \  k\l™ \  *J7£M- 
60  per  cent,  alcohol,  precipitating  the  tincture  by  water,  exhausting 
the  dried  precipitate  by  benzol,  evaporating,  again  exhausting  by 
carbon  disulphide,  then  by  dry  ether,  and  finally  by  absolute  alcohol; 
the  last  exhaustion  separates  a  white  transparent  crystallizable  sub- 
stance, probably  a  fat,  certainly  not  the  active  principle  or  an  alka- 
loid. Thus  purified  the  resin  is  dark  brown,  somewhat  soft,  of  agree- 
able smell,  slightly  soluble  in  water,  entirely  in  all  the  foregoing 
solvents,  insoluble  in  fixed  oils,  fusible  at  92°  C.  The  dilute  solutions 
have  a  strongly  bitter,  but  not  disagreeable  taste.  Strong  alkalies  and 
sulphuric  acid  dissolve  it  with  alteration.  The  author  believes  that 
it  can  scarcely  possess  antiperiodic  febrifuge  qualities,  though  it  may 
be  a  good  tonic. 
Another  bitter  substance,  apparently  a  hydrate  of  the  former,  has 
been  separated  from  the  bark  and  the  leaves ;  it  is  far  more  soluble 
in  water.  The  leaves  likewise  contain  no  alkaloid.  The  powerful 
smell  of  the  tree  is  not  due  to  a  sulphuretted  oil,  as  has  been  sur- 
mised; indeed,  no  essential  oil  could  be  obtained,  although  the  aqueous 
distillate  of  the  bark  has  the  perfume  of  the  tree. — Pharm.  Journ. 
and  Trans.,  1873,  June  14,  from  Madras  Monthly  Journ.  of  Med. 
Science. 
THE  LAWS  WHICH  REGULATE  THE  DISTRIBUTION  OF  A  SUB- 
STANCE BETWEEN  TWO  SOLVENTS. 
By  Berthelot  and  Jungfleisch. 
Abstract  by  C.  E.  Groves,  from  Ana.  Chim.  Phys.  [4],  xxvi,  396-417. 
Although  chemists  frequently  resort  to  the  purely  physical  process 
of  extracting  a  substance  dissolved  in  one  liquid,  by  agitating  it  with 
another  liquid  not  miscible  with  the  first,  the  laws  which  govern  this 
molecular  action  have  not  hitherto  been  studied. 
The  present  essay  consists  of  three  parts;  1.  Experiments  on  the 
distribution  of  a  substance  between  two  solvents,  made  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Jungfleisch;  2.  Theory  of  this  distribution;  3.  Experi- 
ments on  the  state  of  dissolved  salts,  made  with  L.  de  St.  Martin. 
The  authors  have  studied  the  solubility  of  iodine  and  bromine  in 
water  and  carbon  disulphide,  also  of  succinic,  malic,  tartaric,  oxalic, 
acetic,  benzoic,  sulphuric  and  hydrochloric  acids,  and  ammonia  in 
water,  and  in  ether.  The  method  of  experimenting  was  to  dissolve 
the  substance  in  one  of  the  liquids,  and  then  agitate  it  with  a  known 
