Am.  Jour.  Pharm,  ) 
Sept.  1, 1873.  | 
The  Cinchona  Plantations  in  Java. 
419 
among  many  trials  of  this  sort,  confirms  me  in  this  view.*  At  the 
same  time  there  are  so  many  kindred  kinds  that  we  must  wait  dis- 
tinct specimens  of  the  flowers,  fruit  and  leaves  from  Java.  From 
British  India  we  shall,  I  hope,  receive  similar  specimens  of  their 
variety,  which  for  convenience  sake  I  shall  call  u  Calisaya  red  bark." 
The  botanical  specimens  which  I  have  from  Ootacamund  are  all  C. 
Josephiana.  The  one  plant  remaining  from  these  I  raised  from  Led- 
ger's seed  is  C.  Calisaya  of  a  good  type.f  The  present  paper  so 
completely  confirms  what  I  have  written  that  I  might  have  saved 
myself  much  trouble  if  I  had  received  it  sooner.  It  seems  that  on 
July  1st,  last  year,  there  were  altogether  1,507,079  cinchona  trees  in 
Java  (exclusive  of  C.  Pahudiana.)  Of  these  there  were  1,090,797 
trees  of  C.  Calisaya,  including  80,000  C.  Hasskarliana.  The  amount 
of  good  Calisaya  was,  at  the  very  utmost — "  1200  plants  planted  out 
in  the  open  in  1865-6,  in  1866  about  20,000  plants  of  like  origin 
(obtained  from  Mr.  Ledger)  and  in  1869  again  more  than  5000  plants. 
The  first  and  last  sending  of  the  seeds  were  through  Mr.  Schuhkraft, 
at  La  Paz,  in  Bolivia" — so  that  if  my  arithmetic  is  right,  there  were 
then  984,597  plants  of  poor  and  so-called  Calisaya  against  26,200 
real  and  good  trees.  I  sincerely  hope  the  proportion  may  be  reversed, 
and  this  speedily. 
Of  these  inferior  sorts  Mr.  Von  Gorkom  says:  "The  old  original 
varieties  of  Calisaya  show  a  remarkably  varying  percentage  of  alka- 
loids, and  must  consequently  be  considered  more  as  medicinal  barks." 
Bat  though  of  little  account  for  the  production  of  quinine,  some  of 
these  trees  contain  (according  to  Mr.  Moens)  a  large  amount  of  con- 
chinin  (quinidine  of  Pasteur).  This  fact,  which  separates  them  widely 
from  the  genuine  Calisaya,  turns  out  most  fortunate  for  the  success  of 
the  plantations.  There  is  no  alkaloid  (unless  it  be  aricine)  so  sparing- 
ly produced  by  the  Cinchona  as  this  conchinin  (whilst  cinclionidine  on 
the  other  hand  is  most  abundant),  and,  as  it  happens  to  be  much 
sought  after,  it  may  soon  reach  a  price  in  the  market  near  to  that  of 
quinine. 
I  refer  to  the  original  paper  for  much  interesting  information,  and 
also  for  confirmation  of  what  I  have  written,  especially  about  the  C. 
Pahudiana,  which  has  been  planted  out  in  the  wild  forest,  and  (as  Mr. 
Von  Gorkom  justly  observes)  "  what  has  been  obtained  from  these 
*  My  8  per  cent,  trial  was  from  the  bark  of  a  very  large  Calisaya  tree,  o»f  I 
know  not  exactly  what  type. 
I I  cannot  identify  it  either  with  the  Zamba  or  the  red  variety. 
