220 
Ex  a  m  ination  Questions. 
Arn.  Jour.  Pharm. 
April,  1898. 
A  con  joint  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  Mr.  Taylor  and  Prof.  Kraemer  for 
their  respective  courtesies. 
On  motion,  the  meeting  adjourned. 
THE   PHILADELPHIA   COLLEGE   OF  PHARMACY. 
The  following  are  the  questions  given  to  the  First  and  Second  Year  classes 
at  their  recent  examinations.  Those  on  operative  pharmacy,  botany,  analytical 
chemistry,  and  pharmacognosy  were  practical,  and  conducted  in  the  respective 
laboratories,  the  others  were  written. 
FIRST  YEAR  EXAMINATION,  1 898. 
THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  PHARMACY. 
A — (1)  Name  six  liquids  in  the  order  of  their  value,  which  are  used  as  sol- 
vents or  menstrua  in  extracting  the  active  principles  of  official  liquid  prepa- 
rations. (2)  Explain  briefly  the  merits  and  limitations  of  each  solvent  or 
menstruum.  (3)  Illustrate  by  an  official  example  the  use  of  each  solvent  or 
menstruum.  (4)  State  the  advantages  of  sugar  as  it  is  used  in  liquid  pharma- 
ceutical preparations.  (5)  Why  is  honey  used  so  seldom  as  a  vehicle  in  official 
preparations.  (6)  What  are  the  properties  of  acetic  acid  as  a  menstruum,  and 
describe  its  advantages. 
B — (1)  Describe  the  official  resins.  (2)  How  do  those  which  are  not  by- 
products differ  from  alcoholic  extracts?  (3)  Give  the  general  process  for  pre- 
paring this  class  of  resins.  (4)  Are  the  resins  found  in  plant  drugs  always  the 
active  principles  of  the  plant?  (5)  In  making  official  extracts,  explain  how 
you  may  vary  the  yield  of  the  extract. 
CHEMISTRY. 
C — (1)  Write  the  chemical  formulas  of :  Hydrogen  Sulphide,  Hydrogen  Sul- 
phite, Hydrogen  Sulphate,  Ferrous  Sulphide,  Sodium  Sulphite,  Calcium  Sul- 
phate.   (2)  Describe  Hydrogen  Sulphide,  and  state  how  it  is  prepared. 
D — (1)  What  is  Carbo  Ligni,  and  how  is  it  prepared,  and  what  are  its  uses? 
(2)  What  is  Carbo  Animalis,  how  is  it  prepared,  and  what  are  its  uses?  (3) 
Describe  the  two  oxides  of  Carbon,  and  state  how  you  could  distinguish 
between  them. 
MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  BOTANY. 
PHYSIOLOGY. 
E — The  Blood.— -(i)  Give  the  constitution  of  the  blood.  (2)  How  can  the 
blood  of  human  beings  be  told  from  that  of  fowls  or  fishes?  (3)  What  is  its 
coloring  principle  called  ?  (4)  State  briefly  the  difference  in  composition  of 
blood  before  and  after  coagulation.  (5)  What  is  the  difference  between  blood 
and  lymph?  The  Heart.  — {6)  State  its  normal  size,  and  situation  in  the  body. 
(7)  Name  the  four  cavities  of  the  heart,  and  the  four  valves  and  their  situa- 
tions. (8)  What  are  the  names  given  to  indicate  the  contraction  and  relaxa- 
tion of  the  heart  ?  (9)  State  briefly  the  systemic  circulation.  (10)  Name  the 
artery  and  its  situation  at  which  we  can  best  feel  the  pulse.  The  Lungs. — (11 ) 
In  what  cavity  are  the  lungs  situated,  and  by  what  membrane  are  they  sur- 
rounded? (12)  Commencing  above  and  proceeding  downwards,  name  the 
parts  of  the  respiratory  apparatus.    (13)  State  the  number  of  respirations  per 
