248        Recent  Literature  Relating  to  Pharmacy.  {AmMay?imrm" 
from  2  to  5  per  cent.,  whilst  representative  samples  of  the  American 
rhizome  were  found  to  contain  rather  less  than  I  per  cent. 
Indian  podophyllum  is  likely  to  be  valuable  both  as  a  drug  and 
as  a  dye-stuff. 
DISCUSSION. 
Mr.  E.  J.  Millard  asked  if  Professor  Dunstan  had  noticed  and 
could  account  for  the  smaller  solubility  of  the  resin  from  P.  emodi. 
This  was  specially  marked  in  the  presence  of  a  small  quantity  of  an 
alkali  when  it  assumed  a  gelatinous  consistency.  Since  attention 
had  been  drawn  to  this  resin  by  Professor  Dunstan,  manufacturers 
had  prepared  it  in  considerable  quantities,  and  it  was  known  com- 
mercially as  the  less  soluble  variety. 
Professor  Dunstan  said,  in  reply,  that  any  difference  that  may  be 
observed  in  the  solubility  and  other  properties  of  podophyllin  resin 
prepared  from  Indian  podophyllum  and  that  prepared  from  Ameri- 
can podophyllum  was  probably  accounted  for  by  the  different  pro- 
portions in  which  the  constituents  were  mixed  in  the  resins  prepared 
from  the  two  sources,  and  not  by  any  difference  in  the  constituents 
themselves. 
KINO. 
The  conditions  which  regulate  the  price  of  kino  and  its  sources 
are  described  by  A.  E.  Bertie-Smith  in  the  Chemist  and  Druggist 
for  March  5th.    He  says  : 
The  principal  ports  from  which  gum-kino  is  usually  shipped  are 
Alleppi  and  Calicut,  and  at  these  ports  and  at  others,  such  as  Tel- 
licherry  and  Cochin,  are  settled  some  three  or  four  old  European 
firms  who  control  the  export  trade.  One  or  more  of  these  firms 
have  succeeded  in  getting  into  their  hands  the  whole  of  the  arrivals 
of  gum-kino  from  up-country  districts,  with  the  result  now  so  well 
known  in  the  London  drug  market. 
In  1889  and  1890,  when  I  was  in  Bombay,  my  firm  there  were  in 
receipt  of  regular  shipments  of  kino  from  the  Malabar  ports.  I 
enclose  an  original  quotation  and  an  invoice  from  the  firm  of  An- 
drew &  Co.,  of  Allepey,  from  which  you  will  see  that  in  1889  I 
made  a  purchase  from  them  of  gum-kino  at  i6r.  8a.  per  cwt,  or  less 
than  2y2a  (2y2d.)  per  pound,  which,  indeed,  is  its  full  value  at 
Bombay. 
About  1 89 1  I  found  none  of  the  above-mentioned  shippers  in 
