A^vSrXm*}         Powdered  Vegetable  Drugs.  507 
adopted.  It  will  also  be  found  that  there  are  a  few  of  the  powders 
under  the  different  groups,  as  No.  I,  that  might  be  considered  advan- 
tageously under  others,  as  No.  IV.  In  such  cases  samples  must  be 
arranged  under  both,  and  this  has  been  done  as  far  as  possible  by 
the  author. 
The  largest  groups  are  Nos.  I  and  IV,  and  it  will  be  found  that 
they  include  a  more  natural  grouping  than  we  would  at  first  sup- 
pose. Under  No.  I  we  find  chiefly  the  herb  and  leaf  drugs,  while 
under  No.  IV  are  chiefly  roots,  rhizomes  and  barks.  It  has  been 
found  necessary,  owing  to  the  difference  in  predominating  constitu- 
ents or  tissues,  to  work  up  each  group  differently. 
GROUP  NO.  I.    COLOR  GREEN  TO  GRAY. 
Coca,  Buchu,  Mentha  viridis,  Matico,  Chelidonium,  Guaiaci  resina, 
Gaultheria,  Lobelia  (herb),  Passion  flowers,  Pulsatilla,  Pilocarpus 
pinnatifolius,  Lobelia  (leaves),  Buchu  (long),  Calumba,  Eucalyptus, 
Absinthium,  Pilocarpus,  Senna  (Alexandria  and  India),  Scutellaria, 
Castanea,  Eupatorium,  Tanacetum,  Mentha  piperita,  Lobelia,  Ani- 
sum,  Fceniculum,  Conium,  Belladonnas  folia,  Coca,  Insect  powder 
(Persian),  Salvia,  Eriodictyon,  Hamamelis,  Matico,  Uva  ursi,  Sco- 
parius,  Grindelia  robusta,  Chimaphila,  Gaultheria,  Hyoscyamus, 
Stramonii  folia,  Galla  (Chinese  or  Japanese),  Cypripedium,  Aletris, 
Digitalis,  Marrubium,  Piper  nigrum,  Ergota,  Hedeoma,  Sarsaparilla 
(Mexican),  Cimicifuga,  Spigelia,  Leptandra,  Arnicae  radix,  Cheno- 
podium,  Sarsaparilla  (American),  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum,  Xan- 
thoxylum  Americanum,  Aralia  spinosa,  Senega,  Sarsaparilla  (Hondu- 
ras), Sumbul,  Taraxacum,  Serpentaria,  Piper  album,  Aurantii  amari 
cortex,  Aurantii  dulcis  cortex,  Limonis  cortex,  Helonias  dioica, 
Caulophyllum,  Angelica,  Kava  kava,  Nux  vomica,  Belladonnas 
Radix. 
I     WITHOUT  FIBRO-VASCULAR  TISSUE. 
I  Ergota. — Oil  globules  ;  red  or  violet  coloration  in  chloral  and 
sulphuric  acid ;  odor. 
II.    WITH  FIBRO-VASCULAR  TISSUES. 
A.     WITH  CALCIUM  OXALATE  CRYSTALS.1 
1  If  there  are  any  doubts  about  the  presence  of  calcium  oxalate  crystals,  sul- 
phuric acid  may  be  added  to  the  powder  when  numerous  needle-shaped  crystals 
of  calcium  sulphate  will  generally  separate.  It  must  be  also  stated  that  in 
plants  containing  calcium  oxalate  the  form  may  be  in  needles  in  addition  to 
the  characteristic  form  given. 
