Powdered  Vegetable  Drugs. 
/Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\     October,  1898. 
tragonal  and  coffin-shaped,  of  which  the  rosette  occurs  least,  and  the 
other  three  in  greatest  amount  ;  i-celled  hairs  more  numerous  in 
Alexandria  than  in  India  senna.  Boil  a  small  quantity  with  water, 
filter  and  to  the  light  lemon-colored  filtrate  add  KOH  and  solution 
becomes  red,  due  to  chrysophanic  acid  reaction. 
22.  Stramonii  Folia. — Crystals  10-15  p,  occurring  in  a  character- 
istic line  through  the  middle  of  the  leaf  just  below  the  palisade 
cells  ;  some  secreting  and  non-secreting  hairs. 
b.     CRYSTALS  CUBICAL,    RHOMBOHEDRAL,  PRISMATIC,   TETRAGONAL  OR 
COFFIN-SHAPED. 
a  Containing  Starch : 
23.  Cardamom. — Crystals  very  small;  starch  in  single  small  grains, 
and  in  masses ;  fragments  of  thick,  dark  sklerenchyma  cells  being 
the  outer  and  particularly  inner  epidermis  of  seed  coat.  The  Mala- 
bar is  distinguished  from  the  Ceylon  in  that  the  latter  has  a  few  i- 
celled  hairs,  the  starch  grains  and  crystals  are  larger  and  skleren- 
chyma cells  are  more  prominent. 
When  the  pericarp  or  fruit  wall  is  present,  this  is  determined  by  its 
large  parenchyma  cells  containing  brown  masses ;  also  sklerenchyma 
fibres. 
24.  Calumba. — In  the  stone  cells  are  cubical  crystals  15  p\  starch 
grains  characteristic,  35  x  25  p. 
25.  Gelseminm. — Crystals  of  three  kinds;  diamond-shape,  15  x 
15  p,  tetragonal,  15  x  20  /i  or  twin,  large  prismatic  as  in  quillaja, 
8x28  p ;  starch,  S  x  S  fx;  numerous  sklerenchyma  fibres.  In  over- 
ground stem  find  remains  of  chloroplastids  in  collenchyma  ;  root 
distinguished  from  stem  byabsence  of  fragments  of  altered  sieve  (i.e., 
internal  phloem). 
26.  Guaiaci  Resina. — See  note  No.  94. 
27.  Pulv.  Glycyrrhizce  Co. — Cubical  crystals  3  x  2  p,  in  crystal 
fibres  in  fragments  of  about  117  p  in  length;  starch  about  5  p  in 
diameter;  characteristic  crystals  and  hairs  of  senna  (see  No.  21). 
The  powder  made  from  Russian  licorice  contains  few  or  no  fragments 
ot  cork. 
28.  Spigelia. — See  No.  7. 
29.  Xanthoxylum. — Crystals  7  x  10  p\  starch  10  p\  oil  secretion 
reservoirs  ;  in  chloral  mount  numerous  oil  globules  ;  sklerenchyma 
cells  and  fibres  in  X.  fraxineum. 
