AIo<^Sb«,Pw98.nl•}         Powdered  Vegetable  Drugs.  5 1 5 
C.     SKLERENCHYMA  CELLS  (STONE  CELLS)  OR  FIBRES  (WOOD  OR  BAST).1 
104.  Aletris. — Starch ;  yellowish  or  reddish-yellow  colored 
sklerenchyma. 
105.  Arnica  Radix. — See  No.  89,  sklerenchyma  fibres. 
106.  Calumba. — See  No.  24,  stone  cells. 
107.  Cimicifuga. — Starch  ;  resin  cells  ;  sklerenchyma  fibres ; 
ducts. 
108.  Chenopodium. — Characteristic  reddish-brown  pericarp  and 
seed  coat ;  numerous  starch  grains,  in  size  up  to  10  jut;  fine  granular 
contents  =  aleuron. 
109.  Chirata. — No  starch ;  few  small  pollen  grains, 4X  ioto7x  10 
ju;  parenchyma  large,  with  simple  pores;  many  sklerenchyma 
fibres,  in  width  20  walls  4  fi  thick  ;  scalariform  ducts,  30  ft  in 
width,  also  isolated  spiral  ducts ;  yellow  epidermis,  with  some 
collenchymatic  parenchyma,  latter  with  brown  contents ;  with  the 
latter  are  associated  mycelial-like  development,  containing  blackish- 
brown  colored  substance  ;  few  seeds  in  shape  like  Hyoscyamus,  and 
reticulated  like  Lobelia,  but  cells  larger  and  walls  4  /j.  thick. 
no.  Cydonium. — Without  starch  or  calcium  oxalate  crystals; 
outer  clear  mucilage  cells  as  in  Linum  ;  beneath  the  latter  are 
thick-walled  cells,  containing  brown  contents,  which  react  like 
tannin  ;  parenchyma  containing  oil  and  aleuron. 
in.  Grindelia. — See  No.  80,  stone  cells  and  fibres. 
1 12.  Guaiaci  Resina. — See  No.  94,  very  few  stone  cells  and  fibres. 
113.  Lappa. — Numerous  irregular  transparent  fragments  or 
sphere  crystals  (more  or  less  fan-shaped)  soluble  in  hot  water  = 
Inulin ;  no  secretion  reservoirs ;  more  wood  fibres  and  possibly 
larger  reticulated  ducts  (as  much  as  70  ju  wide)  than  Inula;  cells  of 
periderm  brownish  becoming  yellow. 
1 14.  Leptandra. — Starch  characteristic  ;  brown  stone  cells. 
115.  Piper  Album  \ 
and  >  See  Nos.  99  and  100,  stone  cells. 
1 16.  Piper  Nigrum.  ) 
117.  Physostigma. — Starch,  25  x  40  jut ;  oil  and  protein  in  irregu- 
lar granular  masses ;  characteristic  sklerenchyma  and  stone  cells 
whose  contents  are  reddened  by  alkalies. 
1  If  thought  necessary,  can  isolate  characteristic  stone  cells  and  skleren- 
chyma fibres  by  treatment  of  powder  with  Schulze's  macerating  fluid  or  sul- 
phuric acid. 
