^ovSefiS-}  .     Deodorized  Tincture  of  Opium.  553 
lator,  wash  with  warm  water  to  800  c.c,  add  200  c.c.  of  alcohol, 
filter  and  assay. 
The  supposed  advantages  of  the  process  consist  in  the  use  of  ben- 
zine in  place  of  the  more  costly  ether  for  the  removal  of  narcotine, 
etc.,  and  the  employment  of  a  granulated  opium  in  place  of  the  fine 
powder.  The  official  process  allows  200  c.c.  of  ether  for  washing 
100  grains  of  opium.  The  suggested  process  allows  890  c.c.  of  ben- 
zine. The  relative  solubilities  of  morphine  and  narcotine  in  various 
solvents,  are  stated  to  be  as  follows : 
Morphine.  Narcotine. 
Cold  water  .   1  in  33,000       1  in  25,000 
Boiling  water   1  "      500       1  "  7,000 
Cold  alcohol   1  "       40      r  "  80 
Boiling  alcohol   1  "        30       1  "  20 
Amyl.  alcohol   1  "      400       1  "  300 
Chloroform,  U.S. P.  .  .   1  "      175       1  "  3 
Ether  scarcely  soluble    1  "  166 
Benzole  .   "  "        1  "  22 
Benzine   "  "     scarcely  soluble 
Different  observers  do  not  agree  upon  the  solubility  of  these 
bodies  and  their  solubility  appears  to  be  largely  influenced  by  physi- 
cal condition,  while  the  stated  solubilities  are  those  of  pure  alkaloids 
and  not  of  the  combinations  existing  in  the  drug. 
The  morphine  existing  in  the  drug  as  meconate,  a  salt  quite 
readily  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol,  may  be  more  soluble  in  other 
solvents  than  is  generally  understood.  The  narcotine  existing  in  a 
free  condition,  has  nearly  the  same  range  of  solubilities  as  given  for 
the  pure  alkaloid.  In  exhausting  the  opium  with  water  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  narcotine  is  supposed  to  be  rejected.  In  exhausting 
first  with  ether,  100  grammes  of  opium,  containing  6  grammes  of 
narcotine,  would  theoretically  require  about  1 ,000  grammes  of  ether, 
or  ten  times  its  weight,  and  an  indefinite  quantity  of  benzine. 
Benzinum. — The  benzine  of  the  pharmacopoeia  is  defined  as  a 
transparent,  colorless,  odorous  liquid,  of  sp.  gr.  from  0-670  to  0-675 
and  boiling  point  of  500  to  6o°  C.  It  should  evaporate  without 
residue. 
Sample  No.  1. — Purchased  as  benzine,  had  a  sp.  gr.  @  150  C. 
of  0-6914. 
1000  c.c.  yielded  30  c.c.  of  distillate  below  500  C. 
165  c.c.  between  500  and  6o°  C. 
195  c.c.  "  6o°  "  730  C. 
610  c.c.  above  730  C. 
