^o/em&efJiSS1-}       Deodorized  Tincture  of  Opium.  555 
benzine  washings  evaporated  gave  8-17  grammes  of  residue,  con- 
taining crystals  of  narcotine.  This  benzine  residue  washed  with 
water  and  the  water  washings  evaporated,  gave  0-280  grammes  of 
residue  free  from  morphine.  The  benzine  residue  washed  with 
water  acidulated  with  2  per  cent,  of  sulphuric  acid,  the  washings 
neutralized  with  ammonia  and  extracted  with  ether  chloroform, 
o*i 80  grammes  of  alkaloid  was  obtained,  which  gave  reactions  for 
narcotine. 
A  sample  of  this  benzine  washed  No.  40  opium  is  submitted, 
marked  and  numbered  Xo.  3.  Made  into  deodorized  tincture 
standardized  at  1*3  per  cent;  it  has  a  foreign  odor  and  is  not  satis- 
factory.   See  sample  of  deodorized  tincture  Xo.  3. 
Experiment  No.  j. — A  quantity  of  natural  opium  assaying  12.8  per 
cent.,  was  cut  into  very  thin  slices  and  extracted  with  twenty  times 
its  weight  of  cold  water,  used  in  successive  portions  in  an  agitator- 
The  cold  water  solution  was  evaporated  to  syrupy  consist- 
ence and  shaken  with  a  large  excess  of  benzine.  It  emulsified 
badly  and  was  separated  only  after  the  expenditure  of  much  time 
and  patience.  After  separation  the  benzine  was  expelled  from  the 
residue  by  continuous  heat  with  stirring,  upon  a  steam  bath.  The 
residual  extract  was  56  per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  the  original  opium. 
If  no  loss  had  occurred,  it  should  have  assayed  22-85  Per  cent.  It 
did  assay  18-47  per  cent.  A  sample  of  this  extract  is  submitted 
with  a  sample  of  deodorized  tincture  marked  and  numbered  X~o.  7. 
It  is  known  that  the  opium  is  more  readily  extracted  with  warm 
water,  but  more  coloring  matter  and  odorous  principle  pass  into 
solution  by  use  of  heat.  To  compare  the  use  of  other  solvents  fur- 
ther experiments  were  conducted,  as  follows  : 
Experiment  No.  4. — 100  grammes  of  No.  40  opium,  16  per  cent., 
washed  with  1400  c.c.  of  ether,  as  in  experiment  No.  2.  The  ether 
washed  opium  weighed  80-5  grammes.  If  there  had  been  no  loss 
it  should  have  assayed  19-87  per  cent,  of  morphine.  It  did  assay 
1 8* 1 2  per  cent.  Sample  of  this  ether-washed  opium  and  of  deodor- 
ized tincture  made  from  it,  are  submitted,  marked  No,  I. 
Experiment  No.  5. — 100  grammes  of  No.  80  opium  16  per  cent., 
treated  as  above,  gave  78'  grammes  of  residual  opium  assaying  I9'I4 
per  cent,  in  place  of  20-51  per  cent,  that  it  should  assay  if  there  had 
been  no  loss. 
Experiment  No.  6. — A  quantity  of  natural  opium  assaying  I2*S 
