Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  \ 
November,  1898.  j 
Powdered  Vegetable  Drugs. 
559 
about  350  fi  in  diameter;  few  ducts;  outer  layer  orange-yellow; 
crystals  of  calcium  oxalate  either  cubical  (30  x  30  //),  or  prismatic, 
as  in  quillaja  (35  x  10  //) ;  likely  to  find  sphere  crystals  of  carbohy- 
drate in  glycerin  mounts. 
208.  Limonis  Cortex. — Secretion  reservoirs  as  large  as  in  sweet 
orange  peel ;  outer  layer  pale  (lemon)  yellow  ;  walls  of  parenchyma 
5  f±  thick ;  calcium  oxalate  crystals,  about  as  in  bitter  orange  peel ; 
sphere  crystals,  as  in  sweet  orange  peel. 
209.  Sinapis  alba. — Oil,  aleuron  and  characteristic  seed  coat. 
210.  Calendula. — Characteristic  tissues  of  petals  containing  oily 
drops ;  few  pollen  grains ;  reaction  with  H2S04. 
b.  Containing  starch. 
a.  Without  crystals  of  calcium  oxalate. 
211.  Hydrastis. — Starch  4  fi;  wood  fibres  and  ducts  yellowish; 
few,  sometimes  numerous  prismatic  crystals  in  a  rosette  ==  berberine  ; 
upon  addition  of  H2S04  get  abundant  needle-shaped  crystals. 
/?.  With  crystals  of  calcium  oxalate. 
*  Crystals  very  small  and  likely  to  be  overlooked. 
212.  Zingiber  (Jamaica).-— Unaltered  starch  grains  15  x  30  p>] 
yellowish  (oil)  and  reddish  (resin)  cells ;  fibrovascular  tissue. 
213.  Turmeric. — Altered  starch  grains  (test  with  iodine)  in  irregu-  • 
lar  masses  (70  x  100  to  100  x  140  p)  of  shape  of  cell  in  which  formed  ; 
bright  yellow  oil  secretion  cells ;  pigment  dissolved  out  by  use  of 
solutions  of  chloral  or  chloral-glycerin,  as  well  as  when  essential  oils 
are  employed ;  characteristic  color  reaction  with  H2S04,  or  with 
boric  acid  -f-  HC1,  and  then  evaporate  with  NH4OH. 
214.  Curry  Powder. — A  powder  of  varying  composition,  but 
generally  find  the  following:  characteristic  yellow  secretion  cells 
and  starch  of  ginger  and  curcuma ;  oil  and  seed  coat  of  mustard; 
aleuron  and  oil  secretion  reservoirs  of  coriander ;  may  find  skler- 
enchyma  of  Pimenta  or  cloves. 
Crystals  of  calcium  oxalate  rosette-shaped  and  numerous. 
215.  Rheum. — Crystals  70  fx;  starch  grains,  single,  20  11,  or 
double  35  x  20  fx)  boil  a  few  milligrammes  of  the  powder  with  water, 
filter,  and  to  the  straw-colored  solution  add  KOH  =  red  colora- 
tion. 
216.  Tr.  Rhei  Aromatic  a. — Chiefly  the  characteristics  of  Rhubarb 
(see  No.  215);  crystals  (10  fj),  and  oil  secretion  reservoirs  of  cloves 
(see  No.  346) ;  tissues  of  cinnamon  (see  No.  292)  and  nutmeg  (see 
No.  496). 
