Am.  Jour.  Pharra.  1 
November,  1898.  j 
Powdered  Vegetable  Drugs. 
565 
more  stone  cells  and  fewer  sklerenchyma  fibres  in  V.  prunifolium 
than  in  V.  opulus. 
266.  Syr.  White  Pine  Compound. — See  No  285. 
/9,  Tendency  of  crystals  to  cubical,  tetragonal,   hexagonaly  or  coffin- 
shape. 
267.  Aspidosperma. — Crystals,  14-25  (u,  in  crystal  fibres  about  8 
mm.  long,  very  characteristic. 
268.  Calamus  [peeled). — Few  crystals  7x10  or  5x5  //in  crystal 
fibres  in  outer  part  of  cortex ;  sometimes  get  large  acicular  crystals 
in  glycerin  mounts  about  55  p.  long,  which  may  be,  however,  400  fi 
long;  starch,  4x4  to  4x8;  parenchyma  characteristic;  oil  secre- 
tion cells  ;  ducts  and  sklerenchyma. 
269.  Calamus  (impeded). — More  crystal  fibres  like  in  licorice  and 
Uva  ursi.    (See  No.  268.) 
270.  Cardamom. — Crystals  very  small ;  starch  in  small  grains, 
often  in  groups ;  thick,  dark  sklerenchyma  being  the  outer  and  par- 
ticularly the  inner  epidermis  of  the  seed ;  the  pericarp  or  fruit  wall 
possesses  sklerenchyma  fibres  and  large  parenchyma  cells,  some  of 
which  contain  brown  masses.  The  Malabar  is  distinguished  from 
the  Ceylon  in  that  the  latter  has  some  1- celled  hairs;  crystals 
are  larger  and  more  numerous  ;  starch  grains  are  larger ;  the  outer 
epidermal  cells  are  larger  and  contain  one  or  more  nearly  cubical 
or  hexagonal  crystals.    (See  also  Vogl  and  Moeller.) 
271.  Cinnam.on. — See  No.  292,  sometimes  find  prismatic  crystals. 
272.  Ext.  Glycyrrhiza. — Irregular  wine-colored  fragments  ;  starch 
grains  altered  and  unaltered  ;  few  fragments  of  sklerenchyma  and 
crystal  fibres  of  glycyrrhiza.    (See  No.  276.) 
273.  Ext.  Sarsaparillce  Fid. — Abundance  of  tissues  and  starch 
grains  of  sarsaparilla  (see  No.  40) ;  sklerenchyma  and  crystal  fibres 
of  glycyrrhiza  (see  No.  275);  tissues  of  sassafras  (see  No.  313) ;  and 
mezereum  (see  No.  524). 
274.  Frangula.— Rosette-shaped  crystals,7<D  p.,  cubical, pentagonal 
and  hexagonal  crystals  (7  x  5  ji  to  8  x  8  ju)  in  parenchyma  cells  or 
crystal  fibres ;  starch  grains  not  numerous,  the  grains  occurring 
either  singly  or  in  groups;  long,  numerous  bast  fibres  15  f±  wide; 
after  section  or  powder  lies  in  glycerin  get  numerous  small  globular 
and  yellowish  particles ;  boiling  a  few  milligrams  of  the  powder 
with  water,  filtering,  and  to  the  straw-colored  liquid  adding  KOH 
gives  a  red  coloration.  Absence  of  stone  cells  in  Frangula 
distinguish  it  from  Rhamnus  Purshiana. 
